Flowers Flashcards
__ is the Starting point of reproduction in all __
Flowers- angiosperm
2 anatomy of flowers
And examples
Accessory Receptacle Peduncle Sepal Petal
Essential Stamen Filament and anther Pistil/ Carpel Stigma style and ovary
Stalk which attach the ovule to the ovary
Funiculus
The double layer of funiculus is
Integument
Are modified shoots consisting of modified leaves
Flowers
female reproductive part of a flower.
Carpel (Gynoecium)`
carpel is collectively known as
Pistil-
slightly enlarged tip of the style; where pollen is deposited at pollination.
Stigma
long and thin filament
serves as a passageway for pollen grains to move from the stigma to the ovary
Style -
a swollen basal part of a pistil
carries the ovule or eggs (yellow)
where fertilized eggs develop
Ovary
3 Types of Carpels (Gynoecium)
- Monocarpous
- Apocarpous - multiple, distinct (free, unfused)
Ex. Strawberry - Syncarpous - multiple fused (connate) into single structure. Ex. Tulip
Monocarpous or __ - single carpel.
ex.
Unicarpellate
Avocado
type of carpel which have multiple, distinct (free, unfused)
ex.
Apocarpous -
Strawberry
type of carpel which have multiple fused (connate) into single structure.
Ex.
Syncarpous
Tulip
male reproductive part of the flower
Stamen (Androecium)
where pollens are formed
Anther
a stalk holding the pollen at its tip
Filament -
Floral envelopes are :
Petal and Sepal
innermost whorl surrounding
the flowers reproductive parts.
usually brightly colored to attract pollinators
Petal (corolla) -
usually a green leaf-like structure that forms the outermost floral whorl;
protects the inner parts before it opens.
Sepal (calyx) –
Floral stalk composed of :
Receptacle (torus) and Peduncle
thickened part of a stem
from which the flower grows.
Receptacle (torus)
a stalk supporting the flower
Peduncle –
COLOR
Day blooming- bright - ex.
Night blooming - white, creamy or yellowish. ex.
Daisy
Dutchman;s pipe
ODOR
Fragrant - ex.
Stinky - ex. Corpse flower
ilang ilang
Corpse flower
flowers with stamen and carpel
are called ___
ex.
Perfect flowers (bisexual or hermaphroditic)
Gumamela and Chichirica
have either stamen or carpel.
Imperfect flowers (Unisexual)
imperfect; same plant ex.
imperfect ; separate plants ex.
Monoecious - Corn
Dioecious - Papaya
perfect and imperfect flower are found in a single plant.
ex.
Polygamous
Canadian Curnet
NATURE OF FLOWERS
__ - members of each set of organs are of the same size and shape.
ex
__- some members of one or more sets of organs are diff. in size or share or both.
Regular - Rose &Cosmos
Irregular
Irregular
Standard petal or banner - outermost & largest part of the flower.
Wings or Alae - two lateral petals
Keels or Carinae - two innermost and smallest petal.
Papilonaceous
Wings - two upper lateral petals
Banner - innermost and smallest petal
Keel - two lateral petals
ex.
Caesalpinaceous - Caballero
upper & lower lip
ex. Sage & snap dragon
Bilabiate
Sepals - 3
Petals - 2;
ex.
Orchidaceous - ex. Cattleya
also a petal but with diff shape and size.
Lip or Labellum
__ - when like parts are fused together.
___ - unlike parts are fused.
Connation
Adnation
___- radial symmetry; equal halves
ex. Banaba and Water lily
___ - bilateral symmetry; 2 equal by a medial cut.
ex.Sword lily and Dancing ladies
Actinomorphic -
Zygomorphic
OVARY POSITION
__ - sepals and petals are attached below the ovary. ex.Kalamansi
__ - sepals and petals are attached at the side of the ovary. ex. Gulasiman
___ -sepals and petals are attached above the ovary ex. Squash and Ground Orchid
Superior or Hypogonous -
Half-Superior /Half-Inferior or Perigynous
Inferior or Epigynous -
the arrangement of the placentae inside the ovary
PLACENTATION
__ - where the ovules are attached in the ovary
Placentae
placentae are found at the central axis of a compound ovary. ex. Tomato
Axile
placentae are found on the wall of a compound ovary ex. Cucumber
Parietal -
placentae are located on the wall of a single ovary. A single ovary has one chamber
or locule. ex. String beans
Marginal -
placentae with a single ovule is found more or less at the base of the ovary
ex. Chrysanthemums
Basal -
- flower clusters
INFLORESCENCE
has elongated axis with sessile (without pedicel florets. ex. Bottle brush & Pancit-pancita
Spike
- elongated axis is unbranched; pedicellate
Racime
- flowers are provided with stalks or pedicels of equal lengths.
ex. aloe vera and Golden SHower
Pedicellate
- elongated axis is branched. flowers are pedicellate, opening all at the same time.
ex. Rice and Tigbi
Panicle
- has a more or less flat convex top because of the pedicels bearing the outer, older flowers are longer than the younger flowers at the center.
ex. Caballero and Yarrow
Corymb
- axis is short so that all the pedicellate flowers radiate from the apex of the axis.
ex. Simple - Japanese bamboo;
Compound - Queen Anne’s Lace
Umbel
is similar to a corymb except that the inner pedicelled flowers open first
ex. Santan & Shanghai beauty
Cyme -
- a fleshy spike (spadix) bearing both male and female flowers,
Spadix
- petalloid bract that surrounds spadix.
ex. Anthurium and Calla lily
Spathe
- special type of spike which is hanging or drooping . Usually unisexual.
ex. Copper plant and Cat’s tail
Catkin or Ament
- pedicelled or sessile flowers arecrowded at one side of the stem.
ex. Deerweed and birds of Paradise
Fascicle
similar to umbel but the flowers are sessile. Usually the flowers are of two kinds: the disc flower :
a.
b.
ex. Sunflower7 Gerbera
Head/Capitate-
a. center and
b. the ray flowers
