Stems Flashcards
What is a primordium?
Protects the shoot apical meristem
What primary meristem separates the ground meristem into two regions in the stem?
Pro cambium
What is the function of a meristem?
Creates, grows, and transports many identical cells and differentiates as needed.
Besides the stem tip, where else are apical meristems located?
The root
What is the primary function of apical meristems?
House juvenile tissue
How does the cell size change as you progress from the zone of cell division to the zone of maturation?
The cells get larger
Are other changes in cell appearances visible?
Yes, then nucleus takes up more space in the cell during division and is less condensed in later stages.
What tissue type is in the epidermis stem region?
Epidermis
What tissue types are present in the cortex region of the stem?
Parenchyma, collenchyma
What tissue type is presenting n the vascular bundle region of the stem?
Xylem, phloem, and sclerenchyma
What tissue types are presenting the ray regions of the stem?
Parenchyma
What tissue type is present in the pith region of the stem?
Parenchyma
How are the vascular bundles arranged in the stem of dicots, such as coleus?
Vascular bundles are arranged in circles
What cells are found in the epidermis tissue
Epidermis
What cell types found in collenchyma tissue?
Collenchyma
What cell type is present in parenchyma tissue
Parenchyma
What cell type is present in sclerenchyma tissue?
Sclereids and fibers
What cell types are present in phloem tissue?
Sieve tube elements and companion cells and phloem parenchyma.
What cell types are found in xylem tissue?
Tracheids
Vessel elements
Xylem parenchyma
What features are characteristics of a collenchyma cell?
Small cells
Thick cell walls
Is the collenchyma located between the ribs, or on the ribs that run length wise on the celery petiole
On the ribs
What can you infer is the function of parenchyma cells?
Cortex support
When you eat a pear there is often a griddy substance in this type of fruit. What cell type do you expect causes the grid?
Sclereids
In the white flesh of the pear which chemical compound doyl u suspect causes the grid?
Lignins
Name the tissue types for Sclereids.
Sclerenchyma
Name another cell type close related to Sclereids.
Fiber cells (fibers)
Wood is composed of which tissue types?
Sclerenchyma
Xylem
Which type of cells are found in wood?
Fibers
Tracheids
Vessel elements
Which cell types of wood has tapered ends?
Fiber cells
Which cell types of wood has blunt ends
Tracheids
What are pits
Holes in the cell to allow water to go through
Distinguish between simple and boardered pits
Simple pits are flat
Bordered pits overlap (stacked)
Which cell types in wood has simple pits?
Fiber cells
Which cell types of wood has bordered pits?
Tracheids
What are functions of simple and bordered pits?
Allow water to go through
Do gymnosperms have tracheids or vessel elements?
Tracheids
Do angiosperms have tracheids or vessel elements?
They have both
Which cell types in wood has a perforation plate?
Vessel elements
Which is more efficient at collecting water, tracheids or vessel elements?
Vessel elements are more efficient at conducting water because they are shorter and wider, have thin cell walls, and have a perforation plate
Tracheids have no perforation plate, are smaller, and thicker
How are vascular bundles arranged in the stem of monocots such as corn
Randomly arranged
What accounts for the joint appearance of corn stalk and bamboo stems?
Intercalary meristem
Are grasses monocots or dicot
Monocots
When the lawn is mowed is the apical meristem destroyed?
No, the apical meristem is at the bottom
???
How does cut or mowed grass re grow?
From the apical meristem
How do monocots and herbaceous dicot stems differ?
The vascular bundles are in rings in dicot and disperse randomly in monocots
How are monocots and herbaceous dicots stems alike?
All have the same components
Is coleus a monocots, a herbaceous dicot, or a woody dicot
Herbaceous dicot
How do you know whether coleus is monocot, herbaceous dicot, or woody dicot
The vascular bundles are in rings
Is mokernut hickory: a monocot, a herbaceous dicot, or a woody dicot?
How do you know?
A woody dicot
Why?: hickory is wood, and it’s vascular bundles contain rings.
What are the 7 stem modifications?
Tuber Rhizome Thorn Stolon Tendril Cladode Corm
What is the function of a tuber?
Storage
What is the function of a rhizome
Storage
What it’s he function of a stolon
Ashley says : it’s function is a “horizontal stem”
What is the function of a thorn?
Defense
What is the function of a corm?
Storage
What is the function of a tendril?
Attachment
What is the function of a cladode?
Photosynthesis
What is the function of the shoot apical meristem?
Create
Grow
Differentiate new cells
What tissue is derived from the protoderm?
Epidermal tissue
What tissues derive from the ground meristem?
Parenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Collenchyma
What tissues derived from the pro cambium?
Xylem and phloem
Where are collenchyma cells located in a cross section? And what features make them useful in that location than in others?
At the cortex
Useful for thick cell walls
