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bio 2 lab practical 1 > Stems > Flashcards

Stems Flashcards

0
Q

What is a primordium?

A

Protects the shoot apical meristem

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1
Q

What primary meristem separates the ground meristem into two regions in the stem?

A

Pro cambium

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2
Q

What is the function of a meristem?

A

Creates, grows, and transports many identical cells and differentiates as needed.

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3
Q

Besides the stem tip, where else are apical meristems located?

A

The root

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4
Q

What is the primary function of apical meristems?

A

House juvenile tissue

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5
Q

How does the cell size change as you progress from the zone of cell division to the zone of maturation?

A

The cells get larger

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6
Q

Are other changes in cell appearances visible?

A

Yes, then nucleus takes up more space in the cell during division and is less condensed in later stages.

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7
Q

What tissue type is in the epidermis stem region?

A

Epidermis

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8
Q

What tissue types are present in the cortex region of the stem?

A

Parenchyma, collenchyma

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9
Q

What tissue type is presenting n the vascular bundle region of the stem?

A

Xylem, phloem, and sclerenchyma

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10
Q

What tissue types are presenting the ray regions of the stem?

A

Parenchyma

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11
Q

What tissue type is present in the pith region of the stem?

A

Parenchyma

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12
Q

How are the vascular bundles arranged in the stem of dicots, such as coleus?

A

Vascular bundles are arranged in circles

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13
Q

What cells are found in the epidermis tissue

A

Epidermis

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14
Q

What cell types found in collenchyma tissue?

A

Collenchyma

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15
Q

What cell type is present in parenchyma tissue

A

Parenchyma

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16
Q

What cell type is present in sclerenchyma tissue?

A

Sclereids and fibers

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17
Q

What cell types are present in phloem tissue?

A

Sieve tube elements and companion cells and phloem parenchyma.

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18
Q

What cell types are found in xylem tissue?

A

Tracheids
Vessel elements
Xylem parenchyma

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19
Q

What features are characteristics of a collenchyma cell?

A

Small cells

Thick cell walls

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20
Q

Is the collenchyma located between the ribs, or on the ribs that run length wise on the celery petiole

A

On the ribs

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21
Q

What can you infer is the function of parenchyma cells?

A

Cortex support

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22
Q

When you eat a pear there is often a griddy substance in this type of fruit. What cell type do you expect causes the grid?

A

Sclereids

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23
Q

In the white flesh of the pear which chemical compound doyl u suspect causes the grid?

A

Lignins

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24
Q

Name the tissue types for Sclereids.

A

Sclerenchyma

25
Q

Name another cell type close related to Sclereids.

A

Fiber cells (fibers)

26
Q

Wood is composed of which tissue types?

A

Sclerenchyma

Xylem

27
Q

Which type of cells are found in wood?

A

Fibers
Tracheids
Vessel elements

28
Q

Which cell types of wood has tapered ends?

A

Fiber cells

29
Q

Which cell types of wood has blunt ends

A

Tracheids

30
Q

What are pits

A

Holes in the cell to allow water to go through

31
Q

Distinguish between simple and boardered pits

A

Simple pits are flat

Bordered pits overlap (stacked)

32
Q

Which cell types in wood has simple pits?

A

Fiber cells

33
Q

Which cell types of wood has bordered pits?

A

Tracheids

34
Q

What are functions of simple and bordered pits?

A

Allow water to go through

35
Q

Do gymnosperms have tracheids or vessel elements?

A

Tracheids

36
Q

Do angiosperms have tracheids or vessel elements?

A

They have both

37
Q

Which cell types in wood has a perforation plate?

A

Vessel elements

38
Q

Which is more efficient at collecting water, tracheids or vessel elements?

A

Vessel elements are more efficient at conducting water because they are shorter and wider, have thin cell walls, and have a perforation plate

Tracheids have no perforation plate, are smaller, and thicker

39
Q

How are vascular bundles arranged in the stem of monocots such as corn

A

Randomly arranged

40
Q

What accounts for the joint appearance of corn stalk and bamboo stems?

A

Intercalary meristem

41
Q

Are grasses monocots or dicot

A

Monocots

42
Q

When the lawn is mowed is the apical meristem destroyed?

A

No, the apical meristem is at the bottom

???

43
Q

How does cut or mowed grass re grow?

A

From the apical meristem

44
Q

How do monocots and herbaceous dicot stems differ?

A

The vascular bundles are in rings in dicot and disperse randomly in monocots

45
Q

How are monocots and herbaceous dicots stems alike?

A

All have the same components

46
Q

Is coleus a monocots, a herbaceous dicot, or a woody dicot

A

Herbaceous dicot

47
Q

How do you know whether coleus is monocot, herbaceous dicot, or woody dicot

A

The vascular bundles are in rings

48
Q

Is mokernut hickory: a monocot, a herbaceous dicot, or a woody dicot?

How do you know?

A

A woody dicot

Why?: hickory is wood, and it’s vascular bundles contain rings.

49
Q

What are the 7 stem modifications?

A 
Tuber
Rhizome
Thorn 
Stolon
Tendril
Cladode 
Corm
50
Q

What is the function of a tuber?

A

Storage

51
Q

What is the function of a rhizome

A

Storage

52
Q

What it’s he function of a stolon

A

Ashley says : it’s function is a “horizontal stem”

53
Q

What is the function of a thorn?

A

Defense

54
Q

What is the function of a corm?

A

Storage

55
Q

What is the function of a tendril?

A

Attachment

56
Q

What is the function of a cladode?

A

Photosynthesis

57
Q

What is the function of the shoot apical meristem?

A

Create
Grow
Differentiate new cells

58
Q

What tissue is derived from the protoderm?

A

Epidermal tissue

59
Q

What tissues derive from the ground meristem?

A

Parenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Collenchyma

60
Q

What tissues derived from the pro cambium?

A

Xylem and phloem

61
Q

Where are collenchyma cells located in a cross section? And what features make them useful in that location than in others?

A

At the cortex

Useful for thick cell walls

bio 2 lab practical 1 (4 decks)

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