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Botany Lec > Stems > Flashcards

Stems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the plant stem?

A

(1) Support leaves to maximize light absorption
(2) Part of conduit for transport of water, minerals, and organic solutes.
(3) Storage

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2
Q

It is a STEM PART that is the supportive and conductive organs.

A

Stems

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3
Q

It is a STEM PART that is stem plus its associated leaves.

A

Shoot

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4
Q

It is a STEM PART that is the first shoot of a seed plant.

A

Epicotyl

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5
Q

It is a STEM PART that is the point of attachment of a leaf to a stem.

A

Node

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6
Q

It is a STEM PART that is the region between two adjacent nodes.

A

Internode

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7
Q

It is a STEM PART that runs between stem and leaf, providing a vascular connection.

A

Vascular strand

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8
Q

It is a STEM PART that is mostly parenchymatous tissue external to the vascular tissue of a stem.

A

Cortex

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9
Q

It is a STEM PART that is central; internal to the vasculature.

A

Pith

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10
Q

It is a STEM PART that is the simplest set of cells capable of triggering growth of the would-to-be organ and the initial foundation from which an organ is able to grow.

A

Primordium

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11
Q

It is determined by the relative activity of apical meristems.

A

Branching patterns

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12
Q

It is a BRANCHING PATTERN that if a given shoot has the potential for unlimited growth, such that the apical meristem is continuously active.

A

Indeterminate

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13
Q

It is a BRANCHING PATTERN where a shoot that terminates growth after a period of time.

A

Determinate

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14
Q

It is a BRANCHING PATTERN where an abortion of apical meristem or conversion into flower, inflorescence or specialized structure.

A

Determinate

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15
Q

It is a DETERMINATE SHOOT that completely transforms into a flower/inflorescence.

A

Hapaxanthic

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16
Q

It is an INDETERMIANTE SHOOT that bears lateral flower but continues vegetative growth.

A

Pleonanthic

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17
Q

What are the 3 types of STEM BRANCHING PATTERNS?

A

(1) Monopodial, (2) Dichotomous, (3) Sympodial

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18
Q

It is a STEM BRANCHING PATTERN that if a given stem axis is derived from growth of a single apical meristem.

A

Monopodial

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19
Q

It is a STEM BRANCHING PATTERN that if a given axis appears to be a single, continuous structure is made up of numerous units that are derived from a separate apical meristem.

A

Sympodial

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20
Q

It is a STEM BRANCHING PATTERN that is a rare type of branching pattern, in which a single apical meristem divides equally into two branches.

A

Dichotomous

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21
Q

What are the 11 SPECIALIZED STEM TYPES

A

(1) Bulb
(2) Corm
(3) Caudex
(4) Rhizome
(5) Tuber
(6) Runners (Stolon)
(7) Thorns and spines
(8) Caudiciform
(9) Pachycaul
(10) Cladode
(11) Tendrils

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22
Q

It is a SPECIALIZED STEM TYPE that the shoot consists of a small amount of vertical stem tissue and a massive quantity of thick, fleshy leaves.

A

Bulb
(Ex. A. cepa)

23
Q

It is a SPECIALIZED STEM TYPE that the shoot consists mostly of generally globose stem tissue surrounded by scantly, scale life leaves.

24
Q

It is a SPECIALZIED STEM TYPE in which the rootstock consists of relatively undifferentiated but vertically oriented stem.

25
Q

It is a SPECIALIZED STEM TYPE wherein the stem is horizontal and underground, typically with short internodes and bearing scale like leaves.

A

Rhizome
(Ex. Zingiber sp.)

26
Q

It is a SPECIALIZED STEM TYPE where it is an underground storage stem, usually not upright, typically bearing outer buds and lacking surrounding storage leaves or protective scales.

A

Tuber
(Ex. Solanum sp)

27
Q

It is a SPECIALIZED STEM TYPE that is a long, slender stem that grows horizontally along the surface of the ground. New leaves and roots develop where a node, touches ag round, and these are independent plant as soon as the runner dies.

A

Runners / Stolon
(Ex. Fragaria sp.)

28
Q

It is a SPECIALIZED STEM TYPE that has sharp pointed structures that are probably of survival value in decreasing amount of browsing damage to these plants by herbivores and also by humans.

A

Thorns and spikes

29
Q

It is a SPECIALIZED STEM TYPE that has a long, thin, coiling structure, which attach the plant to a support. Due to unequal rates of growth, the tips of tendrils move slowly back and forth as they elongate.

30
Q

It is a SPECIALZIED STEM TYPE that has a low, swollen, perennial storage stem, from which arise annual or non-persistent photosynthetic shoots.

A

Caudiciform stem
(Ex. Dioscorea sp.)

31
Q

It is a SPECIALIZED STEM TYPE that has a woody, trunk-like stem that is swollen basally, the swollen region functioning in storage.

A

Pachyhaul
(Ex. Brachychiton sp.)

32
Q

It is a SPECIALIZED STEM TYPE that has a flattened, needle-like, photosynthetic stem that may resemble and function as a leaf; take over the primary photosynthetic function of leaves and may function to reduce water loss.

A

Cladode
(Ex. Asparagus sp.)

33
Q

It is a character describing the relative position of the stem or shoot, but also based on stem structure, growth and orientation.

A

Stem Habit

34
Q

What are the 9 types of STEM HABITS?

A

(1) Acaulescent
(2) Caulescent
(3) Cespitose
(4) Prostrate
(5) Repent
(6) Arborescent
(7) Suffrutescent
(8) Decumbent
(9) Frutescent

35
Q

It is a type of STEM HABIT that is a plant with above ground stem; include shrub, trees and herbs with aerial vegetative shoots and leaves.

A

Caulescent

36
Q

It is a type of STEM HABIT that a plant lacks an above ground stem, other than the inflorescence axis. Bear major photosynthetic leaves only at ground level.

A

Acaulescent

37
Q

It is a type of STEM HABIT having the habit of a shrub, with numerous, woody, aerial trunks.

A

Frutescent

38
Q

It is a type of STEM HABIT having a treelike appearance and size.

A

Arborescent

39
Q

It is a type of STEM HABIT having a basally woody and herbaceous apically.

A

Suffrutescent

40
Q

It is a type of STEM HABIT that is trailing or lying flat not rooting at the nodes.

41
Q

It is a type of STEM HABIT that is creeping or lying flat but rooting at the nodes.

42
Q

It is a type of STEM HABIT that is basically prostrate but apically ascending.

43
Q

It is a type of STEM HABIT that has multiple aerial but short stemmed shoots arise from that base, forming a much branched cushion.

A

Cespitose
(Ex. Grasses)

44
Q

They are woody, recent growth branches of trees or shrubs.

45
Q

They are immature shoot systems that develop from meristematic regions.

46
Q

What are the 5 types of BARKS?

A

(1) Exfoliating
(2) Fissured
(3) Plated
(4) Shreddy
(5) Smooth

47
Q

It comprises all the tissue outside the vascular cambium of a plant with true wood.

48
Q

Its periderm, are derived from cork cambium itself.

A

Outer bark

49
Q

It is a type of BARK that crack or splits into large sheets.

A

Exfoliating

50
Q

It is a type of BARK that has a split or those that crack into vertical or horizontal grooves.

51
Q

It is a type of BARK that has a split or crack, with flat plates between the fissures.

52
Q

It is a type of BARK that is coarsely fibrous.

53
Q

It is a type of BARK that is non fibrous without fissures, fibers, plates or exfoliating sheets.

Botany Lec (11 decks)

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