Chapter 2 - The Chemical Composition of Cells Flashcards
What is the Nickel-Eating plant discovered in the Philippines?
Rinorea niccolifera
It refers to the use of hyperaccumulator plants to remove heavy metals in contaminated soils.
Phytoremediation
It is the use of hyperaccumulator plants to grow and harvest in order to recover commercially valuable metals in plant shoots from metal-rich sites.
Phytomining
The positive electric charge, small mass.
Proton
Uncharged, small mass
Neutron
Negative charge, extreme small mass
Electron
They move around the nucleus at different energy levels.
Electrons
An electrostatic attraction between opposite charged ions.
Ionic Bond
A chemical bond involving one or more shared pairs of electrons.
Covalent Bond
An attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom in one molecule and a slightly negative atom (usually oxygen) in another molecule.
Hydrogen Bond
Water has a strong ______ ability?
Dissolving
It is when molecules form H-bonds with one another.
Cohesion
It is when molecules form H-bonds to substances with ionic or polar regions.
Adhesion
What dissociates in water to form hydrogen ions (protons, H+)?
Acids
What dissociates in water to yield negatively charged hydroxide ions (OH-)?
Bases
It is used to measure relative concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution?
pH Scale
An organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. It is an important fuel molecule, and components of molecules and cell walls.
Carbohydrates
It is a storage polysaccharide.
Starch
Starch is composed of what molecules?
Glucose
It is a structural polysaccharide.
Cellulose
It is a group of organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in fat solvents.
Lipids
It is an important fuel molecule; components of cell membranes; waterproof coverings over plant surfaces, light-gathering molecules for photosynthesis.
Lipids
It is a large, complex organic compound composed of amino acid subunits.
Protein
These are proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions.
Enzymes
These are large, complex organic molecules composed of nucleotides.
Nucleic Acid
These are repeating units that form nucleic acids.
Nucleotides
It is a modified nucleotide compounds important in energy transfers in biological systems.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
It is the energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.
Activation Energy
It is the stored energy.
Potential Energy
It is the energy having to do with motion.
Kinetic Energy
It states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, although it can be transformed from one form to another.
The first law of thermodynamics
It states that when energy is converted from one form to another, some of it is degraded into a lower-quality, less useful form.
The second law of thermodynamics
It is the ability to do work.
Energy
It continuously increases in the universe as usable energy is converted to lower-quality, less usable form (heat).
Entropy
These are compounds that are directly involved in the growth and development of a plant.
Primary metabolites
These are organic compounds produced in other metabolic pathways.
Secondary metabolites
It is called the synthesis of metabolites.
Biosynthesis
_____ such as phenolics, alkaloids and terpenoids often protect or strengthen plants.
Secondary metabolites
A group of naturally occurring chemical compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. Produced by a large variety of organisms , including bacteria, fungi, plants and animals.
Alkaloids
They often have pharmacological effects and are used as medications, as recreational drugs, or in entheogenic rituals.
Alkaloids
They are present in plants used in traditional medicine of several cultures. Their role in human health and disease is a subject of research, because these are found to have germicidal property and are used in formulating disinfectants.
Phenolics
