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Botany Lec > Science & Origin of Life > Flashcards

Science & Origin of Life Flashcards

1
Q

A branch of knowledge or study dealing with a body of facts or truths systematically arranged.

A

Science

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2
Q

What is the meaning of Scientia?

A

Knowledge

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3
Q

3 Main Branches of Science

A

Natural Science, Social Science, & Applied Science

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4
Q

A branch of science that deals with the physical and natural world.
Ex. Physics, chemistry, geology, biology

A

Natural Science

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5
Q

What are the 3 Branches of Natural Science?

A

Physical, Earth, Biological

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6
Q

What are the 2 Physical Sciences?

A

Physics and Chemistry

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7
Q

The study of matter and energy and interactions between them.

A

Physics

Physicists study such subjects as gravity, light, and time.

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8
Q

The science that deals with the composition, properties, reactions, and the structure of matter.

A

Chemistry

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9
Q

What are the 4 Earth Sciences?

A

Geology, Oceanography, Meteorology, Astronomy.

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10
Q

The science of the origin, history, and structure of the Earth, and the physical, chemical, and biological changes that it has experienced or is experiencing.

A

Geology

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11
Q

The exploration and study of the ocean.

A

Oceanography

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12
Q

The science that deals with the atmosphere and its phenomena, such as weather and climate.

A

Meteorology

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13
Q

The study of the universe beyond the Earth’s atmosphere.

A

Astronomy

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14
Q

What are 4 Life Sciences?

A

Botany, Zoology, Genetics, Medicine

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15
Q

The study of plants.

A

Botany

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16
Q

The science that covers animals and animal life.

A

Zoology

17
Q

The study of heredity.

A

Genetics

18
Q

The science of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness, disease, and injury.

A

Medicine

19
Q

What are the 6 Theories about the Origin of Life that was discussed?

A

1) Special Creation
2) Catastrophism
3) Panspermia
4) Chemical Evolution
5) Spontaneous Generation
6) Theory of Evolution

20
Q

What theory is this?

All the different forms of life that occur today on planet earth, have been created by God, the almighty.

A

Theory of Special Creation

21
Q

What are examples of Special Creation Theory?

A

Hindu mythology
Christian belief
Sikh mythology

22
Q

What theory is this?

It is simply a modification of the theory of Special Creation.

It states that there have been several creations of life by God, each preceded by a catastrophe resulting from some kind of geological disturbance different from that of previous ones.

A

Theory of Catastrophism

23
Q

Who were the main supporters of the Theory of Catastrophism?

A

Georgies Cuvier and Orbigney

24
Q

What theory is this?

Life has reached this planet Earth from other heavenly bodies such as meteorites, in the form of highly resistance spores of some organisms.

A

Cozmozoic Theory (Theory of Panspermia)

25
Q

Who proposed the Theory of Panspermia?

A

Richter in 1865.
Supported by Arrhenius (1908)

26
Q

What theory is this

Origin of life on earth is the result of a slow and gradual process of chemical evolution that probably occured about 3.8 billion years ago.

A

Theory of Chemical Evolution.

Also known as Materialistic or Physico-chemical Theory

27
Q

Who proposed the Theory of Chemical Evolution?

A

A. I. Oparin, a Russian scientist (1923)
J.B.S Haldane, an English scientist (1928)

28
Q

What theory is this?

The natural process of life arising from non-living matter such as simple organic componds.
This theory assumed that living organisms could arise suddenly and spontaneously from any kind of non-living matter.

A

Spontaneous Generation or Abiogensis

29
Q

Who was one of the firm believers in the Theory of Spontaneous Generation?

A

Aristotle

30
Q

Who disproved the theory of Spontaneous Generation?

A

Fransisco Redi (1665)
Spallanzani (1765)
Louis Pasteru (1864) - Swan neck experiment.

31
Q

What theory is this?

Evolution by means of natural selection?

A

Theory of Evolution

32
Q

Who proposed the Theory of Evolution?

A

Charles Darwin

33
Q

What is natural selection?

A

When members of a population die they are replaced by the progeny of parents better adapted to survive and reproduce in the environment in which natural selection takes place.

34
Q

It is anything that is or has ever been alive.

A

Living

35
Q

It is anything that is not now nor has never been alive.

A

Non-living

36
Q

What are the differences between Plants and Animals?

A

Plants:
1) Rooted in one place & do not move on their own.
2) Contain chlorophyll & can make their own food.
3) Give off oxygen and take in CO2 given off by animals.
4) Plant cells have cell walls
5) Either no or very basic ability to sense.

Animals:
1) Ability to move freely.
2) Cannot make their own food & dependent on plants & other animals for food.
3) Give off CO2, which plants need to make food.
4) Do not have cell walls
5) More highly developed sensory & nervous system

Botany Lec (11 decks)

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