Stems Flashcards
Name 3 funxtiond of the stem…
- Provides support for leaves and flowers
- Provide structural stability
- Provide means of transporting water, nutrients, and food around the plant
Name 3 forms of stem…
Branches
Trunks
Shoots
Where are stems formed from?
Buds
Name 2 types of bud
Apical bud
Axillary bud
What colour are newly formed stems usually?
Green
Name 4 stem adaptions…
Bulb
Stolon
Rhizome
Tendril
What is a bulb?
A compressed stem that stays underground
What is the name of a compressed stem adaption that stays underground?
A bulb
What is a stolon?
A stem that runs along the ground and can root at it snodes
A stem adaption called that runs along the ground and can root at its nodes?
A stolon
What is a rhizome?
A stem that develops underground and can root at its nodes
What is the stem adaption called that develops underground and can root at its nodes?
A rhizome
What is a tendril?
A modified stem adapted for climbing
What is the name of a modified plant, used for climbing?
A tendril
What is the main difference between stems of Herbaceous and woody plants?
The positioning of the xylem, phloem and cambium
In Herbaceous stems, what is arranged around then?
Several vascular bundles
In woody stems, what is around the stems?
Rings
Where is the epidermis?
What does it for.
Outer layer of cells for protection
What is the pith?
What is its purpose?
Loosely packed cells at the centre of the cells
The main function is to store food
Where is the vascular cambium?
Between the xylem and phloem
What’s the purpose of phloem in stems?
To transport food from where its manufactured in the leaves to all other parts of the plant
What does xylem in stems do?
Transports water and nutrients absorbed by the roots to all other parts of the plant
What tissue makes up the wood in woody plants?
Xylem
Name 4 additional tissues in a woody stem…
Cork
Cork cambium
Medullary rays
Lenticel
What is Cork?
Equivalent of the epidermis on Herbaceous stems
Mainly dead cells, which protect the stem
What is Cork cambium?
A layer for cells that produces Cork as the stem expands due to defendant growth
What are medullary rays?
What is their purpose?
Groups of cells that originate from the vascular vambium and run ar right angles to the stem
Their purpose is to transport water and nutrients across the atem
What is the lenticel?
A pore in the Cork cells that allows oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapour to enter or leave the plant - similar to stomata
What is bark?
Cork, Cork cambium and phloem
What is sapwood?
Outer layers of xylem, active in transporting water and nutrients (the sap) through the plant
What is heartwood?
Made up of inner layers of xylem used to contain waste products of the plant such as resins
