Cells & Tissues Flashcards
What are cells?
Cells are the building blocks of nature
Complete the sentence:
All plant and animal life is made up of…
Cells
Name 4 plant organs
Roots
Leaves
Flowers
Stems
Where is the cell wall and what is its purpose?
The cell wall contains the cell and can be found surrounding it
What is the cell wall made from?
Cellulose
Why is the cell wall permeable?
To allow gaseous exchange
What is the substance called that is added to woody plants as they grow, to make them thicker and more rigid?
Lignin
What is lignin?
A substance added to woody plants as they grow, to make them thicker and more rigid?
What is protoplasm?
The living contents of the cell.
This includes the cell embrace, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuous, orangeries, (chloroplasts & mitochondria) & plasmodesmata
What is cell membrane?
What is its purpose?
A thin sheet within the cell.
It encloses the cyroplasm and controls the movement of substances in and out the cell
Name the Jelly like substance within a cell
Cytoplasm
What is cytoplasm?
A jellylike substance within the cell membrane
What is the nucleus?
The xonteol centre of the cell
What does the nucleus initiate?
Cell division
Where is cell division initiated?
In the nucleus
What is the vacuole?
A sac surrounded by its own membrane
What does a vacuole contain?
It’s own membrane, water, minerals, and waste products of the plant
How does the vacuole contribute to structural stability of the cell?
By the pressure of the liquid against the membrane
What is an orangelle?
Name two
Small bodies suspended in cytoplasm
Chloroplasts & mitochondria
What do chloroplasts contain?
They contain chlorophyll, giving plants their green colour
Where is mitochondria found?
In all parts of the plant
What are plasmodesmata?
What do they provide?
Strands of cyroplasm that pass through the cell walls and provide a connection of adjacent cells
What is the purpose of plasmodesmata?
To allow substances to pass between cells
Complete the sentence: plants grow by…
Cell division
What is the cell division process called?
Mitosis
What is mitosis?
When one cell divides into 2
Where does cell division start?
At the nucleus
Between 2 cells, there’s a thin wall called…
Middle lamella
What is middle lamella?
A thin wall between cells which tends to bind cells together
Why are there some cavities and channels between cells?
To allow movement of liquids and gases through them
What is an active area of cell division called?
Meristem
What is a meristem?
An area of active cell division
What 2 areas do meristems occur?
Apical meristem
Lateral meristem
Where do apical meristems occur?
Rips of roots and stems
What type of meristem is found st tips of roots and stems?
Apical meristem
What do apical meristems cause?
Lengthening of roots and stems
What Is the vascular cambium?
A thin band of cells that causes plant organs to thicken
Where are lateral meristems found?
Like a tube through roots and stems
Where does primary growth take place?
Apical meristems
What type of growth takes place in apical meristems?
Primary growth
Where does secondary growth take place?
Lateral meristems
What growth takes place in lateral meristems?
Secondary growth
What does primary growth do to a plant?
Makes it longer
What does secondary growth do to a plant?
Makes it wider, providing structural stability
Where does growth take place?
Meristems
What protects the plant?
Epidermis
What tissues transport within the plant?
Xylem and phloem
What cells does the vascular cambium produce?
Xylem and phloem
Xylem and phloem cells are produced by?…
The vascular cambium
How many cells thick is the epidermis?
1
The cuticle prevents..
Water loss
What are the pores of the cuticle called?
Stomata
What is the purpose of the stomata?
To allow movement of water and gases into and out of the plant
What constitutes the vascular cambium? (2)
Xylem and phloem
Xylem and phloem constitute the…
Vascular cambium
Parenchyma is a sort of what type of cell?
Packing or ground tissue
What is parenchyma for? (3)
Storage of plant nutrients
Photosynthesis
Respiration
