Stem Cells Flashcards
A primitive cell that can either self-renew or give rise to more specialized cell types. It is highly regulated.
Stem cell
*progenitors are more differentiated (the original origin ones)
What are characteristics of stem cells?
- not terminally differentiated
- can divide without limit (bc telomerase expression)
- undergo slow division
- divide into 1 stem cell and 1 differentiated cell
Adult (mature) stem cells are known to be ________. They are committed to a specific lineage of the ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm.
Tissue specific
The proliferative potential of a stem cell is know as its _______
Potency
Describe totipotency
- ability to give rise to all cells of an organism (embryonic and extra embryonic tissue)
- ZYGOTE of embryonic stem cell
Describe pluripotent
- ability to give rise to all cells of the embryo (not extra embryonic cells)
- blastocyst of embryonic stem cells
Describe multipotency
Ability to give rise to different cell types of a given lineage
*adult stem cells
(Adult/tissue/somatic stem cell)
T/F
Pluripotent embryonic stem cells can be isolated and cultured and grown into different tissue types such as pancreatic islet cells, hematopoietic cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes
TRUE
Ectoderm cell’s can become
Skin or neural cells
What makes you pretty: your outside (skin) and smarts (brain)
Endoderm cells can become
Lung, thyroid, or pancreas
Mesoderm cells can become
Cardiac cellls, hematopoietic, mesenchymal, or smooth muscle cells
Cultured pluripotent stem cells make:
_____ for leukemia patients
_____ for Parkinson’s and AD
_______ for heart disease
________ for diabetes
Bone marrow
Nerve cell
Heart muscle
Pancreatic islet cells
- short range signal determines the populations during development
- programmed to have a fixed number of divisions
- define the size of large final structures
Founder stem cells
*populations stay small but transit amplifying divisions let them generate and renew big adult structure
How often to transit amplifying cells divide ?
Frequently
Where do transit amplifying cells come from
Stem cell division; it is the cell that is carried on to be more differentiated
- it is committed
- have a finite number of divisions
Stem cells have divisional asymmetry. What does this mean? How is it different than environmental asymmetry ?
- division of stem cells = 50% exact stem cells with original DNA and 50% transit amplifying cells with committed lineage
- environment asymmetry means that environmental factors influence cell differentiation