Stem Cells Flashcards
Totipotent
can give rise to all cells of an organism; embryonic and extraembryonic; zygote
Pluitpotent
can give rise to all cells of embryo and adult tissues (not extraembryonic); adult stem cells
Multipotent
can give rise to different cell types of a given lineage; adult stem cells
Founder Stem Cell
Give rise to large number of cells via clonal expansion; fixed number per tissue and programmed to divide a certain number of times
Transit Amplifying Cells
divide frequently; no longer stem cells (committed); finite number of divisions
Benefit of Immortal Strand Hypothesis
Prevents mutations in stem cells by preserving the stem cell’s original DNA strands
derived from blastocyst, proliferate indefinitely, and can become any cell; cannot generate the body plan, leading to teratomas
Embryonic Stem Cells
Essential TFs for maintenance of pluripotent stem cells in embryo (4)
Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, and FoxD3
Cripto and GDF-3
Growth factors in pluripotent cells
found in tissues; respond to demands for growth and repair; requires restrictions on developmental potential
Adult Stem Cells
Hematopoietic Stem Cells
derived from bone marrow; make components of blood
Stromal/Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC)
derived from marrow; connective tissue, tissue, bone
Cord Blood Stem Cells
HSCs
Neuro-regenration with adult stem cells
Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) via transplant or adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) via liposuction; both capacity in vitro and in vivo to differentiate to many cells
Nucleus taken from somatic cell of patient and injected into oocyte of a donor, replacing the oocyte nucleus; blastocyst is generated from hybrid and the ES cells are isolated; eliminates rejection problem!
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT)
