Basic Blood

Question 1

Hematocrit

Answer 1

Volume of RBCs in a sample of blood (45%ish)

Question 2

Buffy Coat

Answer 2

Leukocytes and thrombocytes, makes up 1% blood volume

Question 3

Serum

Answer 3

blood plasma without clotting factors

Question 4

main constituent of plasma; exerts colloid osmotic pressure on vessel walls; carrier protein for thyroxine, bilirubin, and barbiturates

Answer 4

Albumin

Question 5

forms an impermeable net of fibrin vie cross linking; used to prevent blood loss; chains broken to monomers, which polymerize forming long fibers, and then cross link

Answer 5

Fibrinogen

Question 6

Reticulocytes

Answer 6

Immature RBCs released into circulation; have not yet shed nuclear material and organelles, but mature in 24-48 hours

Question 7

attaches underlying cytoskeletal protein network to cell membrane

Answer 7

Glycophorin C

Question 8

Band 3 Protein

Answer 8

Binds hemoglobin and acts as an anchoring site for cytoskeletal proteins

Question 9

heterodimer that forms long flexible tetramers; anchored by band 4.1 protein complex and ankyrin protein complex

Answer 9

alpha and beta spectrins

Question 10

Three reasons for low Hb count

Answer 10

hemorrhage, insufficient production, or hemolytic anemia

Question 11

Dietary reasons for low RBC (anemia)

Answer 11

insufficient Fe, B12, or folic acid

Question 12

When erythrocytes cannot adapt to changes in osmotic pressure and/or mechanical deformations

Answer 12

Hemolysis

Question 13

Can be caused by destruction of circulating erythrocytes; characteristic in many hemolytic anemias resulting from inherited RBC defects or pathogenic microorganisms; not uncommon in newborns

Answer 13

Jaundice

Question 14

Leukocyte amounts in blood

Answer 14

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

Question 15

Multi-lobed nucleus; acute inflammation and tissue injury; recognize and bind foreign objects; 3 granule types

Answer 15

Neutrophils

Question 16

Lysosomes with myeloperoxidase (MPO)

Answer 16

Azurophilic Granules (Primary)

Question 17

Various enzymes, complement activators, and antimicrobial peptides

Answer 17

Specific Granules (Secondary)

Question 18

Phosphatases and metalloproteinases (for migration through connective tissue)

Answer 18

Tertiary Granules

Question 19

Bi-lobed nuclei; large elongated specific and azurophilic granules; release arylsulfatase and histaminase; may mediate chronic inflammation

Answer 19

Eosinophils

Question 20

Bind to antigen-IgE complexes to activate; release vasoactive agents from granules; big part of severe vascular disturbances from hypersensitivity reactions and anaphylaxis

Answer 20

Basophils

Question 21

Lymphocytes

Answer 21

Intensely staining, spherical nucleus; not terminally differentiated; T, B, and NK cells; T and B indistinguishable via blood smears and sections

Question 22

Monocytes

Answer 22

largest of WBCs; heart shaped nucleus and contain azurophilc granules; differentiate to phagocytes in tissues; osteoclasts, Kupffer cells (liver), and macrophages

Question 23

small, membrane bound, cytoplasmic fragments from megakaryoctes (bone marrow); circulate for 10 days and play role in homeostasis

Answer 23

Thrombocytes

Question 24

Damage in vasculature promotes platelet adhesion; platelets release serotonin (vasoconstrictor), ADP and thromboxane A2 (increase aggregation of platelets to form primary hemostatic plug); platelets provide surface for conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin (secondary hemostatic plug)

Answer 24

Thrombocytosis