Stem Cells Flashcards
Name 2 processes in which cells can grow
Hyperplasia and hypertrophy
Which 2 types of cell can stem cells generate when they divide?
Stem cells and progenitor cells
How do stem cells reduce the risk of cancer?
They reduce the number of cells that are immortal
Which tissue has both monopotent and pluripotent stem cells?
Epidermis
Which are the monopotent stem cells in the epidermis?
Basal cells
Which are the pluripotent stem cells in the epidermis?
Bulge cells
Where are blood cells made in
A)the embryo
B) the foetus
C)the adult
A)yolk sac
B) liver
C) bone marrow
Name the 5 myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow
Red cells, megakaryocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils
Which cells are formed in primitive embryonic haematopoiesis
Nucleated red blood cells and phagocytes
Which cells are produced from definitive embryonic haematopoiesis?
All lineages (red blood cells enucleate)
How does foetal haemoglobin differ from adult haemoglobin?
HbF has 2 alpha chains and 2 gamma chains
HbA has 2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains
Which disease is caused by a mutation in the gene for gp91 or NOX2 and is characterised by a very reduced ability of phagocytes to kill microorganisms?
Chronic granulomatous disease
These are the characteristics of which disease: lack of common gamma subunit of interleukin receptors, T-cells cannot respond to growth signals and B-cells fail to mature
X-linked SCID
These are the characteristics of which disease: lack of adenosine deaminase enzyme, buildup of deoxyadenosine which is toxic to T- and B-cells
ADA-negative SCID
What are the symptoms of SCID
Microbial and viral infections, reduced/absent T-cell count, skeletal abmormalities
Which disease is caused by a mutation at point 6 on the beta-globin gene where glutamate is swapped for valine?
Sickle cell disease
What are the symptoms of sickle cell disease?
Vascular occlusion leading to pain, anaemia, splenomegaly, aplastic crisis, pulmonary hypertension
What is the inheritance pattern for sickle-cell disease?
Autosomal recessive
Where are haemopoietic stem cells found?
In the bone marrow which is adjacent to bone (endosteal)
Does sickle cell disease give immunity to malaria?
No- sickle cell trait gives immunity to malaria but sickle cell disease makes you more susceptible
Name 2 problems in haemopoietic stem cell transplant in non-malignant conditions
Rejection and graft versus host disease
What is meant by ‘chimaeric blood’ in twins
HSCs from one twin may include HSCs from the other twin
