Development Of The Reproductive System Flashcards
Which part of the mesoderm does the mesonephric duct derive from?
Intermediate mesoderm
What does the coelomic epithelium give rise to in the reproductive system
Somatic support cell and mullerian duct derivatives
What does the endoderm give rise to in the reproductive system?
Caudal vagina, pelvic and penile urethra, accessory glands e.g. Prostate
Where do the primordial germ cells come from?
The yolk sac
When do the germ cells arrive at the primitive gonads?
5 weeks
When do the germ cells populate th genital ridges?
6 weeks
What do the genital ridges form from?
The coelomic epithelium
When do the gonads acquire male or female morphological characteristics?
7th week
What is the name of the pluripotent tumour counting for 3% of childhood malignancies?
Sacrococcygeal teratoma
Which 2 genital ducts are present in both males and females?
Mesonephric duct and müllerian ducts
What are the somatic support cells in the ovary called?
Follicular cells
What are the surrounding interstitial cells in the ovary called?
Thecal cells
What happens to the primitive sex cords in
A) females
B) males
A) they dissociate
B) they continue to proliferate
What are the somatic support cells in the testix called?
Sertoli cells
What are the interstitial cells of the testis called?
Leydig cells
When do the ducts regress?
Weeks 8-10
In females, what do the müllerian ducts form?
Fallopian tubes, uterus, upper vagina
In females, what are the remnants of the mesonephric ducts and tubules?
Epoöphoron, paroöpharon, gartners cysts
Which ducts fuse to form the uterus?
The müllerian ducts
What is the cause of a double uterus?
Müllerian ducts have failed to fuse
What is the broad ligament of the uterus formed from?
Peritoneal membrane
Where do the sinovaginal bulbs form?
Where the müllerian ducts contact the urogenital sinus
What do the sinovaginal bulbs form?
The vaginal plate
In males, what do the mesonephric ducts and tubules form?
Epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, efferent ductales
In males, what do the müllerian ducts form?
Appendix testis and prostatic utricle
If hox 11 was mutated in males, what would happen?
Vas deferens would be transformed into epididymal-like structure
Which condition is congenital bilateral aphasia of the vas deferens associated with?
Cystic fibrosis
When are the accessory glands formed in the male?
Weeks 10-12
Which cord do the ovaries and testes descend on?
The gubernaculum
When do the testes arrive in the scrotum?
Around the time of birth
What is the name of the condition in which the testes don’t descend properly?
Cryptorchidism
What is pseudohermaphrodism?
Discordance between sex chromosomes and secondary sex characteristics
How is the penile urethra formed?
Fusion of urethral folds
When is fusion of the urethral folds complete?
Week 14
What is the condition in which the urethral folds don’t fuse completely?
Hypospadias
How is the clitoris formed?
Genital tubercles elongate
What is the labia majora formed from?
Genital swellings
What is the male sex determining gene?
Sry
What is the sry target gene?
Sox9
Name 3 functions of the pre-sertoli and sertoli cells?
- Transoently express sry
- Procure anti-müllerian hormone
- Recruit mesonephric mesenchymal cells which differentiate into Leydig cells
What are the functions of the Leydig cells?
Produce testosterone (and fetal Leydig cells produce dihydrotestosterone)
What does dihydrotestosterone do?
Stimulates external male development and testicular descent
What does testosterone do?
Stimulates mesonephric duct differentiation
What is persistent müllerian duct syndrome caused by?
AMH and AMH receptor mutations
What is primary hypogonadism?
Failure of gonad to respond to gonadotropins
What is secondary hypogonadism
Failure of hypothalamus and anterior pituitary to produce gonadotropins
