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Developmental Basis Of Birth Defects > Development Of The Reproductive System > Flashcards

Development Of The Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the mesoderm does the mesonephric duct derive from?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

What does the coelomic epithelium give rise to in the reproductive system

A

Somatic support cell and mullerian duct derivatives

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3
Q

What does the endoderm give rise to in the reproductive system?

A

Caudal vagina, pelvic and penile urethra, accessory glands e.g. Prostate

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4
Q

Where do the primordial germ cells come from?

A

The yolk sac

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5
Q

When do the germ cells arrive at the primitive gonads?

A

5 weeks

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6
Q

When do the germ cells populate th genital ridges?

A

6 weeks

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7
Q

What do the genital ridges form from?

A

The coelomic epithelium

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8
Q

When do the gonads acquire male or female morphological characteristics?

A

7th week

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9
Q

What is the name of the pluripotent tumour counting for 3% of childhood malignancies?

A

Sacrococcygeal teratoma

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10
Q

Which 2 genital ducts are present in both males and females?

A

Mesonephric duct and müllerian ducts

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11
Q

What are the somatic support cells in the ovary called?

A

Follicular cells

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12
Q

What are the surrounding interstitial cells in the ovary called?

A

Thecal cells

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13
Q

What happens to the primitive sex cords in
A) females
B) males

A

A) they dissociate

B) they continue to proliferate

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14
Q

What are the somatic support cells in the testix called?

A

Sertoli cells

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15
Q

What are the interstitial cells of the testis called?

A

Leydig cells

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16
Q

When do the ducts regress?

A

Weeks 8-10

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17
Q

In females, what do the müllerian ducts form?

A

Fallopian tubes, uterus, upper vagina

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18
Q

In females, what are the remnants of the mesonephric ducts and tubules?

A

Epoöphoron, paroöpharon, gartners cysts

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19
Q

Which ducts fuse to form the uterus?

A

The müllerian ducts

20
Q

What is the cause of a double uterus?

A

Müllerian ducts have failed to fuse

21
Q

What is the broad ligament of the uterus formed from?

A

Peritoneal membrane

22
Q

Where do the sinovaginal bulbs form?

A

Where the müllerian ducts contact the urogenital sinus

23
Q

What do the sinovaginal bulbs form?

A

The vaginal plate

24
Q

In males, what do the mesonephric ducts and tubules form?

A

Epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, efferent ductales

25
Q

In males, what do the müllerian ducts form?

A

Appendix testis and prostatic utricle

26
Q

If hox 11 was mutated in males, what would happen?

A

Vas deferens would be transformed into epididymal-like structure

27
Q

Which condition is congenital bilateral aphasia of the vas deferens associated with?

A

Cystic fibrosis

28
Q

When are the accessory glands formed in the male?

A

Weeks 10-12

29
Q

Which cord do the ovaries and testes descend on?

A

The gubernaculum

30
Q

When do the testes arrive in the scrotum?

A

Around the time of birth

31
Q

What is the name of the condition in which the testes don’t descend properly?

A

Cryptorchidism

32
Q

What is pseudohermaphrodism?

A

Discordance between sex chromosomes and secondary sex characteristics

33
Q

How is the penile urethra formed?

A

Fusion of urethral folds

34
Q

When is fusion of the urethral folds complete?

A

Week 14

35
Q

What is the condition in which the urethral folds don’t fuse completely?

A

Hypospadias

36
Q

How is the clitoris formed?

A

Genital tubercles elongate

37
Q

What is the labia majora formed from?

A

Genital swellings

38
Q

What is the male sex determining gene?

A

Sry

39
Q

What is the sry target gene?

A

Sox9

40
Q

Name 3 functions of the pre-sertoli and sertoli cells?

A
  1. Transoently express sry
  2. Procure anti-müllerian hormone
  3. Recruit mesonephric mesenchymal cells which differentiate into Leydig cells
41
Q

What are the functions of the Leydig cells?

A

Produce testosterone (and fetal Leydig cells produce dihydrotestosterone)

42
Q

What does dihydrotestosterone do?

A

Stimulates external male development and testicular descent

43
Q

What does testosterone do?

A

Stimulates mesonephric duct differentiation

44
Q

What is persistent müllerian duct syndrome caused by?

A

AMH and AMH receptor mutations

45
Q

What is primary hypogonadism?

A

Failure of gonad to respond to gonadotropins

46
Q

What is secondary hypogonadism

A

Failure of hypothalamus and anterior pituitary to produce gonadotropins

Developmental Basis Of Birth Defects (7 decks)

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