Stem

Question 1

What are the functions of stems?

Answer 1

Support, transport of water, minerals and nutrients, storage, photosynthesis.

Question 2

What is a modified stem example?

Answer 2

Cactus.

Question 3

Nodes

Answer 3

This is the point on the stem where leaves, branches, or buds are attached.

Question 4

Function of nodes

Answer 4

Crucial for the development of new growth, as they contain meristematic cells that can produce new plant organs

Question 5

Internodes

Answer 5

The section between two nodes

Question 6

Function of internodes

Answer 6

Helps position the leaves and branches to optimize light exposure

Question 7

Bud

Answer 7

Are undeveloped or embryonic shoots. It gives rise to new leaves, branches, or flowers

Question 8

Apical (Terminal) Bud

Answer 8

This bud is located at the tip of the stem

Question 9

Hormones that can suppress the growth of axillary buds, a phenomenon called ______ _________.

Answer 9

Apical Dominance

Question 10

Apical (Terminal) Bud

Answer 10

Responsible for primary growth, or the increase in length of the stem.

Question 11

Axillary Bud (Lateral)

Answer 11

Found at the nodes, these buds can develop into branches or flowers.

Question 12

What will happen If the apical bud is removed?

Answer 12

axillary buds may grow more actively

Question 13

Leaf scar

Answer 13

A mark left on the stem after a leaf falls off.

Question 14

Leaf scar function

Answer 14

This can help identify the location of nodes and former leaves

Question 15

Lenticels

Answer 15

Small, raised pores on the stem surface that allows gas exchange between the stem tissues and atmosphere.

Question 16

Lenticels are often visible on?

Answer 16

Woody stems

Question 17

Tubers

Answer 17

These are swollen, underground stems that store food.

Question 18

Rhizomes

Answer 18

These are horizontal, underground stems that grow near the soil surface and allow the plant to spread.

Question 19

Bulbs

Answer 19

rounded, fleshy underground bud that consists of a short stem with fleshy leaves

Question 20

Corms

Answer 20

underground stems that store nutrients and have a papery covering

Question 21

Stolons or runners

Answer 21

above-ground stems that grows along the soil surface and can produce new plants at nodes

Question 22

Thorns

Answer 22

stems that is modified into sharp thorns for protection against herbivores.

Question 23

Tendrils

Answer 23

specialized stem with a threadlike shape used by climbing plants for support and attachment

Question 24

Cladodes or cladophylls

Answer 24

are flattened, photosynthetic stems that resemble leaves and help in water storage.

Question 25

Sapwood

Answer 25

Functional secondary xylem, younger and lighter, the wood that is the closest to the bark

Question 26

Heartwood

Answer 26

Older, brownish red, and doesnt function, its in the center and is denser than sapwood because it provides structural support

Question 27

Vascular Cambium

Answer 27

lateral meristem that produces secondary xylem to the secondary phloem

Question 28

Cork Cambium

Answer 28

lateral meristem that produces cork parenchyma to the inside and cork cells to the outside