Fruits Flashcards
Function of fruits
Protection of seed and seed dispersal
The outermost layer of the fruit, often referred to as the “skin” or “peel”
Exocarp
Function of an exocarp
Protects the inner tissues from physical damage, dehydration, and pathogens
The stalk or stem that attaches the fruit to the plant
Pedicel
Function of a Pedicel
Supplies nutrients and water during fruit’s growth and development, eventually breaking off when the fruit is ripe
What is a calyx?
Part of a stem composed of modified leaves called sepals
What are the layers of pericarp?
Endocarp, Mesocarp, and Exocarp
What is a pericarp?
The thickened wall of the ovary that develops into the fruit
What is an endocarp?
The inner wall of a mature fruit/inner stony wall
What is mesocarp?
The fleshy tissue of a fruit between the endocarp and the exocarp and the edible part
What is exocarp/epicarp
The outer skin/wall of a mature fruit
Seed
the reproductive units of the fruit
What is the embryo and the endosperm?
Baby plant and reserved food
Part of a seed?
Embryo, endosperm, and seed coat
Locules meaning in latin
little place
What are locules?
chambers within the ovary where the seeds are housed
Types of locules
Unilocular, bilocular, trilocular, multilocular
What is the placenta?
The tissue inside the fruit that attaches the seeds to the ovary wall, supplying nutrients to the developing seeds
What are the types of fruits?
Simple fruits/Dry simple fruits, Aggregate fruits, Multiple fruits, Accessory fruits
What are simple fruits?
Fruits that develop from a single ovary of a single flower and can be further classified based on whether they are dry or fleshy when mature
What are fleshy simple fruits?
These fruits have a soft and fleshy pericarp at maturity
Berry
the entire pericarp is fleshy, and it usually contains multiple seeds
Drupe
has a fleshy outer layer with a hard, stony inner layer that surrounds a single seed
Dry simple fruit
Fruits have a dry pericarp at maturity and can either split open to release seeds or remain close
Dehiscent fruit
the pericarp splits open to release the seed
Indehiscent fruit
The pericarp remains intact when the fruit is shed from the plant
Capsule
splits open in various way to release seeds
Legume
Develops from a single carpel and splits open along two seams
Nut
a hard, indehiscent fruit with a single seed
Achene
A small, one-seeded, indehiscent fruit where the seed is attached to the pericarp at only one point
Aggregate fruits
Fruits that develop from a single flower with multiple ovaries
Multiple fruits
Fruits that form from a cluster of a flowers, with each flower’s ovary developing into a small fruit that fuses with others to form a larger fruit
Accessory fruits
Fruits that contains tissue from plant parts other than ovary, such as the receptacle or floral tube
What is a fruit?
a mature, ripened ovary that often provides protection and dispersal for enclosed seeds
Pepo
fruit wall is leathery rind
Hesperidium
leathery fruit wall with numerous oil glands surrounding the succulent cavities where seed occurs
Follicle
splits open along one suture to release its seed
Capsules
simple dry fruit that has multiple suture/pores
Pome
outer part is an enlarged floral tube, consisting of receptacle tissue, along with portions of the calyx that surrounds the ovary
What causes an ovary to develop into a fruit?
The ovary develops into a fruit after fertilization, when the sperm cell from the pollen unites with the egg cell, hormones like auxins released that triggers the growth and transformation of the ovary into a fruit
