Steeplechase 4 Flashcards
What connects the ascending colon and descending colon in the dog?
Right duodenocolic ligament
What connects the ascending duodenum and descending colon?
Left duodenocolic ligament
What connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon?
Gastrocolic ligament
What connects the descending colon to the spleen?
Splenocolic ligament
What are the 3 main tributaries to the hepatic portal vein?
Common mesenteric vein
Gastroduodenal vein
Gastrosplenic vein
What forms the vertebral border of the epiploic foramen?
Hepatic portal vein
What forms the dorsal border of the epiploic foramen?
Vena cava
What forms the caudal border of the epiploic foramen?
Root of mesentery
What forms the cranial border of the epiploic foramen?
Liver
Why is the epiploic foramen of clinical significance?
Epiploic entrapment in horse -> colic surgery
What part of the ruminal stomach is most like a carnivore stomach?
Abomasum
What salivary gland supplies 50% of saliva in ruminants?
Parotid
What is the muscular structure of the oesophagus?
Cranial 2/3 striated, caudal 1/3 smooth (but all striated in dog and ox)
What is the pH of ox saliva?
8.2
What connects the larynx and oesophagus?
Crico-oesophageal tendon
What is unusual about the cat oesophagus?
Caudal 1/3 has distinct ridges of muscular bands
Where do you insert a stomach tube?
Via the mouth in most species
Via the nose in the horse
What is the largest gland in the body?
Liver
What are the visceral surface impressions of the dog liver?
Stomach
Duodenum
Right kidney
What are the visceral surface impressions of the pig liver?
Stomach
Duodenum
What are the visceral surface impressions of the ox liver?
Omasum
Reticulum
Right kidney
What are the visceral surface impressions of the horse liver?
Stomach
Apex of caecum
Diaphragmatic flexure
Right descending colon
Right kidney
What species don’t have a gall bladder?
Horse
Rat
Alpaca
Deer
Pigeon
Lamprey
Vicuna
Guanacos
Where are the anal glands of the dog located?
4 and 8 o’clock
Can the caecum be palpated in the cat?
Yes, in the mid-abdomen
What species has no caecum?
Ferret
Which species has the caecum located on the left?
Pig
What fills the ventral half of the horse abdomen?
Caecum and colon
What are the fermenting zones of the horse?
1) caecum + RVC + LVC
2) RDC
What flexure acts as a site of impaction in the horse?
Pelvic flexure
What is the only domestic animal with an appendix?
Rabbit
Do rabbits have a gallbladder?
Yes
What partitions food in the rabbit intestines?
Ampulla caecas coli
What is the role of fucus coli?
Forming the two faecal types via different strengths of contraction to form hard pellets or soft caecotrophs
How is sharp point formation reduced in horses at grass?
Jaw movements are relatively wide and long which wears the teeth more evenly
What are the largest salivary glands in the horse?
Parotid
What divides the horse stomach into 2 zones?
Margo plicatus
Does the horse have a gallbladder?
No
How is bile secreted in the horse?
Continuously, but increases after feeding
What side of the equine intestines is most mobile?
Left
What is the RDC of the horse adhered to?
Dorsal body wall
Base of caecum
Root of mesentery
How many taenia does the horse caecum have?
4
How many taenia does the horse RVC have?
4
How many taenia does the horse LVC have?
4
How many taenia does the horse LDC have?
2 (1 pelvic flexure, 1 rest of LDC)
How many taenia does the horse RDC have?
1
How many taenia does the horse TC have?
2
How many taenia does the horse DC have?
2
What attaches the ileum to the caecum?
Ileocaceal fold
What side of the ruminant stomach lays against the flank?
Left (parietal)
What contacts the left flank of the ox?
Spleen
Stomach
Omentum
Where do you put sutures through in the gut?
Submucosa
What is the significance of the thoracic inlet?
Site of impaction
Where does the oesophagus join the stomach?
Cardiac sphincter
What section of gut does the ventral vagus supply?
Only the foregut
What section of gut does the dorsal vagus supply?
Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut
What is found in the gut mesentery?
Arteries
Lymph Nodes
Vessels
What attaches the liver to the ventral body wall?
Falciform ligament
How does the stomach rotate during development?
90 degrees and then 120 degrees
What species has a diverticulum?
Pig
What is a diverticulum?
Blind ending sac in the pig stomach that aids in fermentation
What species has a saccus caecus?
Horse
What is the saccus caecus?
Blind ending sac in the horse stomach that aids in fermentation
What part of the ruminant stomach has rugae?
Abomasum
What divides the rectum and urogenital sinus?
Urorectal septum
What is the uteric bud formed from?
Mesonephros
What does the uteric bud form?
Ureter
What stimulates the development of the metanephros?
Ureter formation
What does the mesonephric duct form in males?
Vas deferens
What forms the vas deferens in males?
Mesonephric duct
What muscle contracts the bladder?
Detrusor muscle
What species has capsular veins on its kidneys?
Cat
What 5 things do rabbit stomachs generally contain?
Fibre
Food
Fur
Fluid
Faeces (cecotrophs)
How does the parasympathetic supply of the stomach enter the abdomen?
Via oesophageal hiatus (dorsal and ventral vagus nerve)
What are the symptoms of chronic acidosis?
Laminitis
How often should a rabbit’s stomach be empty?
Never
Which neurons form the cranial cervical ganglion?
C1 - 3
Describe the structure of the spleen.
Capsule and muscular trabeculae
Red pulp
White pulp
What is acute bovine pulmonary oedema and interstitial emphysema in cattle better known as?
Fog Fever
What is the sympathetic innervation to the hindgut?
Caudal mesenteric ganglia
What is the end part of the stomach called?
Pylorus
How can traumatic reticulitis lead to septic pericarditis?
Dense material falls into reticulum by gravity. Punctuates reticulum wall and diaphragm
What are the 6 sacs of lymphatics in the fetus?
x2 jugular sacs
x1 retro peritoneal
x1 cisterna chyli
x2 iliac sacs
Name 2 innervations of the genitofemoral nerve
Medial skin of the thigh
Motor of the cremaster muscle in males
What does the connective tissue of the liver originate from embryologically?
Mesoderm - from septum transversum of diaphragm
Which is the only lymphatic sac of the fetus to persist in adulthood?
Cisterna chyli