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VAP > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin of cutaneus trunci?

A

Subcutaneous fascia

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2
Q

What is the insertion of cutaneus trunci?

A

The skin of the trunk

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3
Q

What is the function of cutaneus trunci?

A

Twitch the skin

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4
Q

What is cutaneus trunci also known as?

A

Panniculus

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5
Q

What is the origin of latissimus dorsi?

A

Spinous process of trunk vertebrae (T7-L7), caudal 2-3 ribs

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6
Q

What is the insertion of latissimus dorsi?

A

Teres tuberosity (medial) humerus

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7
Q

What is the function of latissimus dorsi?

A

Retract forelimb

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8
Q

What makes up brachiocephalicus?

A

Clavicular tendon
Cleidobrachialis
Cleidocervicalis
Cleidomastoideus

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9
Q

What is the function of brachiocephalicus?

A

Protract forelimb

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10
Q

What is the origin of cleidobrachialis?

A

Clavicular tendon

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11
Q

What is the insertion of cleidobrachialis?

A

Cranially on distal 1/3 of humeral shaft

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12
Q

What is the origin of cleidocervicalis?

A

Cranial half of median raphe of neck

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13
Q

What is the insertion of cleidocervicalis?

A

Clavicular tendon

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14
Q

What is the origin of cleidomastoideus?

A

Mastoid surface of exoccipital bone of skull

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15
Q

What is the insertion of cleidomastoideus?

A

Clavicular tendon

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16
Q

What is the insertion of omotransversarius?

A

Wing of atlas

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17
Q

What is the origin of omotransversarius?

A

Distal 1/5 of scapula spine

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18
Q

What is the function of omotransversarius?

A

Caudal rotator of scapula

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19
Q

What is the origin of cervical trapezius?

A

Caudal half of dorsal median raphe of neck

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20
Q

What is the insertion of cervical trapezius?

A

Proximal 4/5 of scapular spine

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21
Q

What is the function of cervical trapezius?

A

Caudal rotator of scapula

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22
Q

What is the origin of thoracic trapezius?

A

Dorsal median raphe of thorax (T3-T10)

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23
Q

What is the insertion of thoracic trapezius?

A

Proximal 1/3 of scapular spine

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24
Q

What is the function of thoracic trapezius?

A

Caudal rotator of scapula

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25
Q

What is the origin of cervical rhomboid?

A

Dorsal median raphe of neck C2-T3 and nuchal crest

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26
Q

What is the insertion of cervical rhomboid?

A

Cranial angle and vertebral border of scapula

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27
Q

What is the function of cervical rhomboid?

A

Elevate scapula

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28
Q

What is the origin of thoracic rhomboid?

A

Dorsal median raphe of thorax T4-T7

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29
Q

What is the insertion of thoracic rhomboid?

A

Caudal angle and vertebral border of scapula

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30
Q

What is the function of thoracic rhomboid?

A

Elevate scapula

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31
Q

What is the origin of cervical serratus ventralis?

A

Neck vertebrae (C3-7) costo-transverse processes

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32
Q

What is the insertion of cervical serratus ventralis?

A

Cranial serrated area of scapula

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33
Q

What is the function of cervical serratus ventralis?

A

Cranial rotator of scapula

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34
Q

What is the origin of thoracic serratus ventralis?

A

Individual slips from ribs 1-8

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35
Q

What is the insertion of thoracic serratus ventralis?

A

Caudal serrated area of scapula

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36
Q

What is the function of thoracic serratus ventralis?

A

Depressor of forelimb

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37
Q

What is the origin of deep pectoral?

A

Sternum, more caudally onto ventral midline raphe of abdomen

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38
Q

What is the insertion of deep pectoral?

A

Lesser tuberosity, with tendinous slips to greater tuberosity

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39
Q

What is the function of deep pectoral?

A

Adduct forelimb

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40
Q

What is the origin of superficial pectoral?

A

Sternebrae 1-3

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41
Q

What is the insertion of superficial pectoral?

A

Cranially on distal 2/3 humeral shaft

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42
Q

What is the function of superficial pectoral?

A

Adduct forelimb

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43
Q

What two muscles make up the deltoidei?

A

Spinodeltoideus
Acromiodeltoideus

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44
Q

What is the origin of spinodeltoideus?

A

Scapula spine

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45
Q

What is the origin of acromiodeltoideus?

A

Acromion

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46
Q

What is the insertion of spinodeltoideus?

A

Deltoid tuberosity on lateral humerus

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47
Q

What is the insertion of acromiodeltoideus?

A

Deltoid tuberosity on lateral humerus

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48
Q

What is the function of spinodeltoideus?

A

Shoulder flexor

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49
Q

What is the function of acromiodeltoideus?

A

Shoulder flexor

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50
Q

What is the origin of teres major?

A

Caudal border of scapula

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51
Q

What is the insertion of teres major?

A

Summit of greater tuberosity

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52
Q

What is the function of teres major?

A

Shoulder flexor

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53
Q

What is the origin of supraspinatus?

A

Supraspinous fossa

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54
Q

What is the insertion of supraspinatus?

A

Summit of greater tuberosity

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55
Q

What is the function of supraspinatus?

A

Shoulder extensor

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56
Q

What is the origin of infraspinatus?

A

Infraspinous fossa

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57
Q

What is the insertion of infraspinatus?

A

Laterally on greater tuberosity

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58
Q

What is the function of infraspinatus?

A

Ligamentar shoulder muscle

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59
Q

What is the origin of subscapularis?

A

Subscapular fossa

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60
Q

What is the insertion of subscapularis?

A

Lesser tuberosity

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61
Q

What is the function of subscapularis?

A

Ligamentar shoulder muscle

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62
Q

What is the origin of tensor fasciae antebrachii?

A

Lateral side of latissimus dorsi, near its insertion

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63
Q

What is the insertion of tensor fascia antebrachii?

A

Antebrachial fascia and olecranon

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64
Q

What is the function of tensor fasciae antebrachii?

A

Tense fascia of forelimb

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65
Q

What is the origin of the lateral head of triceps?

A

Deltoid crest of humerus

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66
Q

What is the origin of the medial head of triceps?

A

Lesser tuberosity of humerus

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67
Q

What is the origin of the accessory head of triceps?

A

Neck of humerus

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68
Q

What is the origin of the long head of triceps?

A

Caudal border of scapula

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69
Q

What is the insertion of the lateral head of triceps?

A

Olecranon process of ulna

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70
Q

What is the insertion of the accessory head of triceps?

A

Olecranon process of ulna

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71
Q

What is the insertion of the medial head of triceps?

A

Olecranon process of ulna

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72
Q

What is the insertion of the long head of triceps?

A

Olecranon process of ulna

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73
Q

What is the function of the lateral head of triceps?

A

Elbow extensor

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74
Q

What is the function of the accessory head of triceps?

A

Elbow extensor

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75
Q

What is the function of the medial head of triceps?

A

Elbow extensor

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76
Q

What is the function of the long head of triceps?

A

Elbow extensor

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77
Q

What is the origin of biceps?

A

Bicipital process of scapula

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78
Q

What is the insertion of biceps?

A

Dog- ulnar tuberosity of ulna
Cat- radius

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79
Q

What is the function of biceps?

A

Elbow flexor

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80
Q

What is the origin of brachialis?

A

Proximally in musculospiral groove

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81
Q

What is the insertion of brachialis?

A

Ulnar tuberosity of ulna

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82
Q

What is the function of brachialis?

A

Elbow flexor

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83
Q

What is the origin of extensor carpi radialis?

A

Lateral supraepicondylar ridge

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84
Q

What is the insertion of extensor carpi radialis?

A

Tubercles proximally on MC II and MC III

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85
Q

What is the function of extensor carpi radialis?

A

Carpus extensor

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86
Q

What is the origin of common digital extensor?

A

Lateral epicondyle

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87
Q

What is the insertion of common digital extensor?

A

Extensor process of distal phalanx of digits II-V

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88
Q

What is the function of common digital extensor?

A

Digit extensor

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89
Q

What is the origin of lateral digital extensor?

A

Lateral epicondyle and collateral ligament

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90
Q

What is the insertion of lateral digital extensor?

A

Proximally on all phalanges of digits III-V

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91
Q

What is the function of lateral digital extensor?

A

Digit extensor

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92
Q

What is the origin of ulnaris lateralis?

A

Lateral epicondyle

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93
Q

What is the insertion of ulnaris lateralis?

A

Laterally, proximally on MC V

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94
Q

What is the function of ulnaris lateralis?

A

Not true carpus extensor, carpus flexor in ungulates

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95
Q

What is the origin of extensor carpi obliquus?

A

Craniolateral on middle 1/2 of ulna

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96
Q

What is the insertion of extensor carpi obliquus?

A

Proximal MC I

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97
Q

What is the function of extensor carpi obliquus?

A

Carpus extensor

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98
Q

What is the origin of extensor of digits I and II?

A

Craniolateral on middle 1/3 of ulna

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99
Q

What is the insertion of extensor of digits I and II?

A

Distal MC I, proximally on all phalanges of digit II

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100
Q

What is the function of extensor of digits I and II?

A

Prevent digit I being abducted

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101
Q

What is the origin of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Medial epicondyle, medially on olecranon of ulnar

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102
Q

What is the insertion of flexi carpi ulnaris?

A

Proximal on palmar aspect of MC IV, V via accessory carpal bone

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103
Q

What is the function of flexi carpi ulnaris?

A

Carpus flexor

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104
Q

What is the origin of superficial digital flexor?

A

Medial epicondyle

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105
Q

What is the insertion of superficial digital flexor?

A

Proximal on two palmar tubercles of phalanx 2 of digits II-V

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106
Q

What is the function of superficial digital flexor?

A

Digit flexor

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107
Q

What is the origin of deep digital flexor?

A

Medial humeral epicondyle, proximal 3/4 of caudal border of ulna, middle 1/3 of medial border of radius

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108
Q

What is the insertion of deep digital flexor?

A

Proximal on palmar aspect of distal phalanx of all digits

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109
Q

What is the function of deep digital flexor?

A

Digit flexor

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110
Q

What is the origin of flexor carpi radialis?

A

Medial epicondyle, medial radial shaft

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111
Q

What is the insertion of flexor carpi radialis?

A

Proximal on palmar aspect of MC II, III

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112
Q

What is the function of flexor carpi radialis?

A

Carpus flexor

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113
Q

What is the origin of pronator teres?

A

Medial epicondyle

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114
Q

What is the insertion of pronator teres?

A

Proximally on radius

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115
Q

What is the function of pronator teres?

A

Cats + puppies: pronate antebrachium
Dogs: minor elbow flexor

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116
Q

What is the origin of supinator?

A

Lateral epicondyle

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117
Q

What is the insertion of supinator?

A

Proximally on radius

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118
Q

What is the function of supinator?

A

Cats + puppies: supinate antebrachium
Dogs: minor elbow flexor

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119
Q

What is the origin of pronator quadratus?

A

Interosseous edge of radius

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120
Q

What is the insertion of pronator quadratus?

A

Interosseous edge of ulna

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121
Q

What is the origin of interosseous?

A

Proximal end of palmar surface of MCII-V

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122
Q

What are the insertions of interosseous?

A

Paired tubercles on proximal end of palmar surface of phalanx 1 of digits II-V
Via tendinous slips that pass around digits to extensor tendons of the same digits

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123
Q

What is the function of interosseous?

A

Flex MCPj

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124
Q

What is the origin of teres minor?

A

Distally on caudal border of scapula

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125
Q

What is the insertion of teres minor?

A

Greater tuberosity

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126
Q

What is the function of teres minor?

A

Capsular shoulder muscle

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127
Q

What is the origin of coracobrachialis?

A

Coracoid process of scapula

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128
Q

What is the insertion of coracobrachialis?

A

A line between lesser and teres tuberosities

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129
Q

What is the function of coracobrachialis?

A

Capsular shoulder muscle

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130
Q

What is the origin of anconeus?

A

Caudally on lateral supra-epicondylar ridge

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131
Q

What is the insertion of anconeus?

A

Laterally on olecranon

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132
Q

What is the function of anconeus?

A

Capsular elbow muscle

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133
Q

What is the origin of tensor fascia latae?

A

Ventral iliac spine and nearby gluteal fascia

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134
Q

What is the insertion of tensor fascia latae?

A

Fascia lata

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135
Q

What is the function of tensor fascia latae?

A

Tense the fascia

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136
Q

What is the origin of superficial gluteal?

A

Lateral sacrum, Cd1, cranial half of sacrosciatic ligament

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137
Q

What is the insertion of superficial gluteal?

A

Greater trochanter
(in horses it inserts on the 3rd trochanter)

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138
Q

What is the function of superficial gluteal?

A

Hip Abduction + Hip Extension
In horses it acts as a hip flexor

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139
Q

What is the origin of middle gluteal?

A

Wing of ilium

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140
Q

What is the insertion of middle gluteal?

A

Greater trochanter

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141
Q

What is the function of middle gluteal?

A

Hip abductor + hip extensor

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142
Q

What is the origin of piriformis?

A

With superficial gluteal (lateral sacrum, Cd1, cranial half of sacrosciatic ligament)

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143
Q

What is the insertion of piriformis?

A

With middle gluteal (greater trochanter)

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144
Q

What is the function of piriformis?

A

Hip abductor + hip extensor

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145
Q

What is the origin of biceps femoris?

A

Caudal half of sacrosciatic ligament and sciatic tuberosity

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146
Q

What are the insertions of biceps femoris?

A

Cranial region- laterally on distal femur via fascia lata
Caudal region- laterally on tibial crest
Part of Achilles tendon to tuber calcis

147
Q

What are the functions of biceps femoris?

A

Cranial region- hip extensor
Caudal region- stifle flexor

148
Q

Where does tenuissimus insert?

A

Laterally on tibial crest with biceps femoris

149
Q

What is the function of tenuissimus?

A

Hip extensor

150
Q

What is the origin of semimembranosus?

A

Sciatic tuberosity and caudal part of ventral ischium

151
Q

What are the insertions of semimembranosus?

A

Medial part- distal medial rough line of femur
Lateral part- medial tibial condyle

152
Q

What are the functions of semimembranosus?

A

Medial part- hip extensor
Lateral part- stifle flexor

153
Q

What is the origin of quadratus femoris?

A

Caudal part of ventral ischium

154
Q

What is the insertion of quadratus femoris?

A

Intertrochanteric ridge

155
Q

What is the function of quadratus femoris?

A

Hip extensor

156
Q

What is the origin of deep gluteal?

A

Neck of Ilium

157
Q

What is the insertion of deep gluteal?

A

Cranially on greater trochanter

158
Q

What is the function of deep gluteal?

A

Hip inward rotator

159
Q

What is the origin of internal obturator?

A

Medial rim of obturator foramen

160
Q

What is the insertion of internal obturator?

A

Over sciatic spine to intertrochanteric fossa

161
Q

What is the function of internal obturator?

A

Hip outward rotator

162
Q

What is the origin of gemelli?

A

Ventral to sciatic spine

163
Q

What is the insertion of gemelli?

A

Intertrochanteric fossa

164
Q

What is the function of gemelli?

A

Hip outward rotator

165
Q

What is the origin of external obturator?

A

Medial rim of obturator foramen

166
Q

What is the insertion of external obturator?

A

Ventral to pelvis to the intertrochanteric fossa

167
Q

What is the function of external obturator?

A

Hip outward rotator

168
Q

What is the origin of adductor?

A

Ventral surface of pubis, medial half of ventral surface of ischium

169
Q

What is the insertion of adductor?

A

Lateral rough line of femur

170
Q

What is the function of adductor?

A

Hip adductor

171
Q

What is the origin of pectineus?

A

Iliopubic eminence and prepubic tendon

172
Q

What is the insertion of pectineus?

A

Distal medial rough line of femur

173
Q

What is the function of pectineus?

A

Hip adductor

174
Q

What is the origin of cranial sartorius?

A

Iliac crest, cranial ventral iliac spine

175
Q

What is the insertion of cranial sartorius?

A

Medially via fascia lata to distal femur and patella

176
Q

What is the function of cranial sartorius?

A

Hip flexor

177
Q

What two muscles make up ilio-psoas?

A

Iliacus
Psoas major

178
Q

What is the origin of iliacus?

A

Ventral neck of ilium

179
Q

What is the origin of psoas major?

A

Transverse processes of last four lumbar vertebrae

180
Q

What is the insertion of ilio-psoas?

A

Lesser trochanter

181
Q

What is the insertion of iliacus?

A

Lesser trochanter

182
Q

What is the insertion of psoas major?

A

Lesser trochanter

183
Q

What is the function of ilio-psoas?

A

Hip flexor

184
Q

What is the function of iliacus?

A

Hip flexor

185
Q

What is the function of psoas major?

A

Hip flexor

186
Q

What is the origin of semitendinosus?

A

Sciatic tuberosity

187
Q

What are the insertions of semitendinosus?

A

Distally on medial tibial crest
Part of Achilles tendon to tuber calcis

188
Q

What is the function of semitendinosus?

A

Stifle flexor

189
Q

What muscles make up the hamstrings?

A

Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

190
Q

What is the origin of gracilis?

A

Pelvic symphysis

191
Q

What are the insertions of gracilis?

A

Middle of medial tibial crest
Part of Achilles tendon to tuber calcis

192
Q

What is the function of gracilis?

A

Stifle flexor

193
Q

What is the origin of caudal sartorius?

A

Cranial ventral iliac spine

194
Q

What is the insertion of caudal sartorius?

A

Proximally on medial tibial crest

195
Q

What is the function of caudal sartorius?

A

Stifle flexor

196
Q

What muscles make up quadriceps femoris?

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis

197
Q

What is the origin of rectus femoris?

A

Rounded eminence craniodorsal to the acetabulum

198
Q

What is the origin of vastus lateralis?

A

Proximally on lateral rough line

199
Q

What is the origin of vastus intermedius?

A

Proximally on cranial shaft of femur

200
Q

What is the origin of vastus medialis?

A

Proximally on medial rough line

201
Q

What is the insertion of quadriceps femoris?

A

Tibial tuberosity

202
Q

What is the insertion of rectus femoris?

A

Tibial tuberosity

203
Q

What is the insertion of vastus lateralis?

A

Tibial tuberosity

204
Q

What is the insertion of vastus intermedius?

A

Tibial tuberosity

205
Q

What is the insertion of vastus medialis?

A

Tibial tuberosity

206
Q

What is the function of quadriceps femoris?

A

Stifle extensor

207
Q

What is the function of rectus femoris?

A

Stifle extensor

208
Q

What is the function of vastus lateralis?

A

Stifle extensor

209
Q

What is the function of vastus intermedius?

A

Stifle extensor

210
Q

What is the function of vastus medialis?

A

Stifle extensor

211
Q

What is the origin of popliteus?

A

Fossa on lateral condyle of femur

212
Q

What is the insertion of popliteus?

A

Medial side of caudal aspect of tibia

213
Q

What is the function of popliteus?

A

Stifle inward rotator

214
Q

What is the origin of gastrocnemius?

A

Medial and lateral popliteal surface of femur

215
Q

What is the insertion of gastrocnemius?

A

Tuber calcis

216
Q

What is the function of gastrocnemius?

A

Hock extensor

217
Q

What is the origin of superficial digital flexor in the hindlimb?

A

Popliteal surface of femur, deep to the lateral head of gastrocnemius

218
Q

What is the insertion of superficial digital flexor in the hindlimb?

A

Proximal plantar surface of P2 of all digits

219
Q

What are the origins of deep digital flexor in the hindlimb?

A

Medial popliteal surface of tibia
Lateral popliteal surface of tibia

220
Q

What is the insertion of deep digital flexor in the hindlimb?

A

Proximal plantar surface of P3 of all digits

221
Q

What is the origin of caudal tibial?

A

Proximal fibula and adjacent caudal tibia

222
Q

What is the insertion of caudal tibial?

A

Capsule of hock, especially medially

223
Q

What is the function of caudal tibial?

A

Capsular hock muscle

224
Q

What is the origin of cranial tibial?

A

Lateral side of tibial crest, muscular groove

225
Q

What is the insertion of cranial tibial?

A

Proximomedially on MT II

226
Q

What is the function of cranial tibial?

A

Hock flexor

227
Q

What is the origin of long digital extensor?

A

Fossa on lateral condyle of femur

228
Q

What is the insertion of long digital extensor?

A

Extensor tubercles on P3 of all digits

229
Q

What is the function of long digital extensor?

A

Digit extensor

230
Q

What is the origin of fibularis longus?

A

Proximal fibula and lateral tibial condyle

231
Q

What is the insertion of fibularis longus?

A

Plantar aspect of proximal ends of MT II-IV via larger lateral groove in lateral malleolus

232
Q

What is the function of fibularis longus?

A

Hock flexor

233
Q

What is the origin of lateral digital extensor in the hindlimb?

A

Proximal 1/3 of fibula

234
Q

What is the insertion of lateral digital extensor in the hindlimb?

A

Long digital extensor tendon at P1 in digit V via smaller caudal groove of lateral malleolus

235
Q

What is the origin of fibularis brevis?

A

Fleshy belly applied to middle 1/3 of fibula

236
Q

What is the insertion of fibularis brevis?

A

Dorsoproximally on MT V via smaller caudal groove in lateral malleolus

237
Q

What is the origin of short digital extensor?

A

Dorsal aspect of fibular tarsal

238
Q

What is the insertion of short digital extensor?

A

Long digital extensor tendon at P1 in digits II-IV

239
Q

What is the function of short digital extensor?

A

Digit extensor

240
Q

What is the origin of capsularis coxae?

A

On same protuberance as rectus femoris

241
Q

What is the insertion of capsularis coxae?

A

Neck of femur

242
Q

What is the function of capsularis coxae?

A

Hip capsular muscle

243
Q

What is the origin of popliteus?

A

Fossa on lateral condyle of femur

244
Q

What is the insertion of popliteus?

A

Medial side of caudal aspect of tibia

245
Q

What is the function of popliteus?

A

Stifle inward rotator

246
Q

Where does the nuchal ligament insert in the dog?

A

C2 (Axis)

247
Q

What are the two portions of the nuchal ligament in the ox and the horse?

A

Funicular
Lamellar

248
Q

What is the origin of external abdominal oblique?

A

Middle of last 7 ribs in a serrated line via superficial lumbodorsal fascia to neural spines

249
Q

What is the insertion of external abdominal oblique?

A

Linea alba

250
Q

What direction are the muscle fibres of external abdominal oblique?

A

Dorsocranially to Ventrocaudally

251
Q

What is the origin of internal abdominal oblique?

A

Superficial lumbodorsal fascia, tuber coxae and upper half of inguinal ligament

252
Q

What is the insertion of internal abdominal oblique?

A

Costal arch, aponeurosis fuses with that of external abdominal oblique to pass superficial to rectus abdominis to linea alba

253
Q

What direction are the muscle fibres of internal abdominal oblique?

A

Dorsocaudally to ventrocranially

254
Q

What is the function of the cremaster muscle?

A

Elevate the testicles

255
Q

What does the cremaster form from?

A

A small slip of internal abdominal oblique

256
Q

What is the origin of rectus abdominis?

A

Broad flat tendon from rib 1 and adjacent sternum

257
Q

What is the insertion of rectus abdominis?

A

Prepubic tendon

258
Q

What direction are the muscle fibres of rectus abdominis?

A

Cranio-caudal

259
Q

Which muscle is segmented and gives the ‘6-pack’ appearance of the ‘abs’?

A

Rectus abdominis

260
Q

What is the origin of transverse abdominis?

A

Costal cartilages 8-11, ribs 12-13 medially, L1-L7 transverse processes via deep l-d fascia, tuber coxae

261
Q

What is the insertion of transverse abdominis?

A

Aponeurosis to linea alba

262
Q

What direction are the muscle fibres of transverse abdominis?

A

Dorsolaterally to ventromedially

263
Q

What muscle forms the ‘heave line’ in horses with respiratory issues?

A

External abdominal oblique

264
Q

What innervates subscapularis?

A

Subscapular nerve

265
Q

What innervates supraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve

266
Q

What innervates infraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve

267
Q

What innervates cleidobrachialis?

A

Cleidobrachial nerve

268
Q

What innervates superficial pectoral?

A

Cranial pectoral nerve

269
Q

What innervates coracobrachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

270
Q

What innervates biceps?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

271
Q

What innervates brachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

272
Q

What innervates the elbow flexors?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

273
Q

What innervates teres minor?

A

Axillary nerve

274
Q

What innervates the shoulder flexors?

A

Axillary nerve

275
Q

What innervates teres major?

A

Axillary nerve

276
Q

What innervates spinodeltoideus?

A

Axillary nerve

277
Q

What innervates acromiodeltoideus?

A

Axillary nerve

278
Q

What innervates latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

279
Q

What innervates triceps?

A

Radial nerve

280
Q

What innervates deep pectoral?

A

Caudal pectoral nerve

281
Q

What innervates serratus ventralis?

A

Long thoracic nerve from hypaxial ramus of C7

282
Q

What innervates carpus extensors?

A

Radial nerve

283
Q

What innervates digit extensors?

A

Radial nerve

284
Q

What innervates extensor carpi radialis?

A

Radial nerve

285
Q

What innervates common digital extensor?

A

Radial nerve

286
Q

What innervates lateral digital extensor?

A

Radial nerve

287
Q

What innervates ulnaris lateralis?

A

Radial nerve

288
Q

What innervates extensor carpi obliquus?

A

Radial nerve

289
Q

What innervates extensor of digits I and II?

A

Radial nerve

290
Q

What innervates most carpus flexors?

A

Median nerve

291
Q

What innervates most digit flexors?

A

Median nerve

292
Q

What innervates flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Ulnar nerve

293
Q

What innervates deep digital flexor ulnar head?

A

Ulnar nerve

294
Q

What innervates superficial digital flexor?

A

Median nerve

295
Q

What innervates flexor carpi radialis?

A

Median nerve

296
Q

What innervates deep digital flexor radial head?

A

Median nerve

297
Q

Where does the axillary nerve extend to in the horse?

A

One joint further than the dog, reaching the carpus

298
Q

Where does the musculocutaneous nerve extend to in the horse?

A

One joint further than the dog, reaching the fetlock

299
Q

What artery supplies the forelimb flexors?

A

Ulnar

300
Q

What two nerves make up the sciatic trunk?

A

Tibial
Fibial

301
Q

What innervates deep gluteal?

A

Cranial gluteal nerve

302
Q

What innervates middle gluteal?

A

Cranial gluteal nerve

303
Q

What innervates superficial gluteal?

A

Caudal gluteal nerve

304
Q

What innervates internal obturator?

A

Sciatic (fibular)

305
Q

What innervates gemelli?

A

Sciatic (fibular)

306
Q

What innervates semimembranosus?

A

Hamstring branch of sciatic nerve

307
Q

What innervates semitendinosus?

A

Hamstring branch of sciatic nerve

308
Q

What innervates biceps femoris?

A

Hamstring branch of sciatic nerve

309
Q

What innervates the hamstrings?

A

Hamstring branch of sciatic nerve

310
Q

What innervates the hip flexors?

A

Femoral nerve

311
Q

What innervates the stifle extensors?

A

Femoral nerve

312
Q

What innervates ilio-psoas?

A

Femoral nerve

313
Q

What innervates iliacus?

A

Femoral nerve

314
Q

What innervates psoas major?

A

Femoral nerve

315
Q

What innervates cranial sartorius?

A

Femoral nerve

316
Q

What innervates quadriceps femoris?

A

Femoral nerve

317
Q

What innervates rectus femoris?

A

Femoral nerve

318
Q

What innervates vastus lateralis?

A

Femoral nerve

319
Q

What innervates vastus intermedius?

A

Femoral nerve

320
Q

What innervates vastus medialis?

A

Femoral nerve

321
Q

What innervates adductor?

A

Obturator nerve

322
Q

What innervates pectineus?

A

Obturator nerve

323
Q

What innervates gracilis?

A

Obturator nerve

324
Q

What innervates external obturator?

A

Obturator nerve

325
Q

What nerve provides motor innervation to the cremaster muscle in males and sensory innervation to some of the medial thigh?

A

Genitofemoral nerve

326
Q

What innervates gastrocnemius?

A

Tibial nerve

327
Q

What innervates the hock extensors?

A

Tibial nerve

328
Q

What innervates the digit flexors of the hindlimb?

A

Tibial nerve

329
Q

What innervates superficial digital flexor in the hindlimb?

A

Tibial nerve

330
Q

What innervates deep digital flexor in the hindlimb?

A

Tibial nerve

331
Q

What innervates the hock flexors?

A

Fibular nerve

332
Q

What innervates the digit extensors of the hindlimb?

A

Fibular nerve

333
Q

What innervates cranial tibial?

A

Fibular nerve

334
Q

What innervates long digital extensor?

A

Fibular nerve

335
Q

What innervates fibularis longus?

A

Fibular nerve

336
Q

What innervates lateral digital extensor in the hindlimb?

A

Fibular nerve

337
Q

What innervates fibularis brevis?

A

Fibular nerve

338
Q

What innervates short digital extensor?

A

Fibular nerve

339
Q

What are the origins of the diaphragm?

A

Ventral- xiphisternum
Lateral- on ribs 8-13
Dorsal- via crura to lumbar centra 3-4 (only L3 on left)

340
Q

What is the insertion of the diaphragm?

A

Central tendon

341
Q

What is the origin of serratus dorsalis cranialis?

A

Lumbodorsal fascia near dorsal midline of cranial thoracic region

342
Q

What is the insertion of serratus dorsalis cranialis?

A

Dorsally on ribs 3-9

343
Q

What is the function of serratus dorsalis cranialis?

A

Inspiratory muscle

344
Q

What are the muscle fibres that run between ribs?

A

External intercostals
Internals intercostals

345
Q

What is the origin of rectus thoracis?

A

Laterally on rib 1

346
Q

What is the insertion of rectus thoracis?

A

Aponeurosis to rectus abdominis over sternal portions of ribs 2-4

347
Q

What is the origin of retractor costae?

A

Transverse processes L1-4

348
Q

What is the insertion of retractor costae?

A

Last rib

349
Q

What is the function of retractor costae?

A

Expiration/retract ribs

350
Q

What is the origin of transversus thoracis?

A

Dorsally on sternum

351
Q

What is the insertion of transversus thoracis?

A

Sternal portions of sternal ribs

352
Q

What is the origin of serratus dorsalis caudalis?

A

Lumbodorsal fascia near dorsal midline of cranial lumbar region

353
Q

What is the insertion of serratus dorsalis caudalis?

A

Dorsally on ribs 11-13

354
Q

What is the origin psoas minor?

A

Centra of T11-L4

355
Q

What is the insertion of psoas minor?

A

Ilium

356
Q

What is the origin of quadratus lumborum?

A

With psoas major, plus rib 13 and lumbar transverse processes

357
Q

What is the insertion of quadratus lumborum?

A

Lumbar vertebrae and ilium

358
Q

What is the origin of coccygeus?

A

Sciatic spine

359
Q

What is the insertion of coccygeus?

A

Transverse processes Cd2-4

360
Q

What is the origin of levator ani?

A

Internal aspect of symphysis and ilium shaft

361
Q

What is the insertion of levator ani?

A

blends with external anal sphincter before inserting on Cd7 haemal arch

362
Q

What innervates coccygeus?

A

Pudendal nerve

363
Q

What is the main spinal flexor?

A

Rectus abdominus

364
Q

What innervates piriformis?

A

Cranial gluteal nerve

VAP (4 decks)

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