Steele

Question 1

What did Steele et al. (2016) do an article on

Answer 1

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), poverty, and parenting stress.

Question 2

Outcomes of ACE’s on parenting

Answer 2

-Depression
-Suicidality
-Risk of illicit drug use
-HIV sexual risk behaviour
-Alcohol abuse
-Heart disease
-Skeletal fractures
-Cancer
-Diabetes
-Overall poorer health

Question 3

Outcome of ACE’s on attachment

Answer 3

-Trauma, unresolved loss, highly disparate state of mind (Adult Attachment Interview)
-Unresolved interviews show failures in reality testing, dissociation, absorption, rapid shifts in emotional stance, numbing/passitivity. These predict the MOST troubling parent-child relationships, ones that are fearful and disorganised.
-Associated with higher rates of child maltreatment and more hostile intrusive behaviours.

Question 4

What has been found to mediate parents experience of maltreatment and their own parenting styles

Answer 4

Parent levels of parenting stress.
(Greater childhood maltreatment and lower sensitivity in infants, mediated by PS)

Question 5

Parenting Stress

Answer 5

-Lower socioeconomic status, more parenting stress (no brainer)
-ACE’s exposure makes an independent contribution to parenting stress

Question 6

Self-as-parent

Answer 6

-Based on prior childhood experiences of one’s own parents.
-Corresponding assumptions about one’s expectation of likely behaviour as a parent, including expectation of how a newborn will respond, determines level of stress.