Brain Development

Question 1

Tierney and Nelson Brain Development Stages

Answer 1

1. Neurulation
2. Proliferation
3. Cell Migration
4. Differentiation
5. Synaptogenesis
6. Synaptic Pruning

Question 2

Proliferation

Answer 2

-A large number of neutrons are produced through cell division. (More than person will have as adult)
-Excess neurone are eventually balanced by apoptosis

Question 3

Neurulation

Answer 3

-2 weeks post conception
-Neural plate folds and forms the neural tube - will eventually become spinal cord and brain.

Question 4

Cell migration

Answer 4

Cells travel from where they originate to their final destination (inside out development)

Question 5

Differentiation

Answer 5

Once a neuron has migrated to its final destination, it generally does one of two things, differentiate into a mature neutron with axons and dendrites, or it is retracted by apoptosis.

Question 6

Synaptogenesis

Answer 6

-Formation of synapses.
-Starts in the 23rd week of gestation.
-Peak of production in first year of life
-Excess amount formed

Question 7

Synaptic Pruning

Answer 7

Pruning of unused / over-abundance of synapses.

Question 8

What did Brito’s study try and examine

Answer 8

Link between “Home language input” and “EEG activity” across different socioeconomic households.

Question 9

What does perceptual narrowing/ neural commitment mean

Answer 9

Experience dependent reorganisation

Question 10

What was found about socioeconomic family background

Answer 10

It had a positive correlation with “Adult word count” and “conversational turns”
-Income-to-needs is stronger predictor than maternal education

Question 11

How was home language input and EEG activity related

Answer 11

NEGATIVE relation
-Kids who hear more adult words had reduced EEG power
-Only found in high chaos households

Question 12

What correlation did socioeconomic status have with other variables.

Answer 12

NO CORRELATION with conservational turns, child vocalisation and early language skills.

Question 13

What was the takeaway from Brito’s study

Answer 13

That increasing the amount/diversity of home language interactions ca positively influence language development, regardless of socioeconomic status.

Question 14

What caused risk taking in adolescence (Steinberg)

Answer 14

Socioemotional network VS Cognitive Control network

Question 15

What is the function of the socioemotional network

Answer 15

-Reward processing
-Sensitive to emotional stimuli

(REMODELLED IN PUBERTY)

Question 16

Where is the socioemotional network located

Answer 16

-Localised in limbic AND paralimbic regions.

Question 17

What is the function of the cognitive control network

Answer 17

-Assists in regulation
(MATURES THROUGHOUT ADOLESCENCE)

Question 18

Where is the cognitive control network located

Answer 18

Consists of other parts of brain like lateral prefrontal and parietal cortices

Question 19

SEN and CCN, which one wins

Answer 19

AT normal levels, when socioemotional network is not in a high state of activation, cognitive control network can override it, but not if it’s in a high state of activation. CCN matures into adulthood, and once matured, it can override SEN even at high state of activation.