Brain Development Flashcards
Tierney and Nelson Brain Development Stages
- Neurulation
- Proliferation
- Cell Migration
- Differentiation
- Synaptogenesis
- Synaptic Pruning
Proliferation
-A large number of neutrons are produced through cell division. (More than person will have as adult)
-Excess neurone are eventually balanced by apoptosis
Neurulation
-2 weeks post conception
-Neural plate folds and forms the neural tube - will eventually become spinal cord and brain.
Cell migration
Cells travel from where they originate to their final destination (inside out development)
Differentiation
Once a neuron has migrated to its final destination, it generally does one of two things, differentiate into a mature neutron with axons and dendrites, or it is retracted by apoptosis.
Synaptogenesis
-Formation of synapses.
-Starts in the 23rd week of gestation.
-Peak of production in first year of life
-Excess amount formed
Synaptic Pruning
Pruning of unused / over-abundance of synapses.
What did Brito’s study try and examine
Link between “Home language input” and “EEG activity” across different socioeconomic households.
What does perceptual narrowing/ neural commitment mean
Experience dependent reorganisation
What was found about socioeconomic family background
It had a positive correlation with “Adult word count” and “conversational turns”
-Income-to-needs is stronger predictor than maternal education
How was home language input and EEG activity related
NEGATIVE relation
-Kids who hear more adult words had reduced EEG power
-Only found in high chaos households
What correlation did socioeconomic status have with other variables.
NO CORRELATION with conservational turns, child vocalisation and early language skills.
What was the takeaway from Brito’s study
That increasing the amount/diversity of home language interactions ca positively influence language development, regardless of socioeconomic status.
What caused risk taking in adolescence (Steinberg)
Socioemotional network VS Cognitive Control network
What is the function of the socioemotional network
-Reward processing
-Sensitive to emotional stimuli
(REMODELLED IN PUBERTY)
Where is the socioemotional network located
-Localised in limbic AND paralimbic regions.
What is the function of the cognitive control network
-Assists in regulation
(MATURES THROUGHOUT ADOLESCENCE)
Where is the cognitive control network located
Consists of other parts of brain like lateral prefrontal and parietal cortices
SEN and CCN, which one wins
AT normal levels, when socioemotional network is not in a high state of activation, cognitive control network can override it, but not if it’s in a high state of activation. CCN matures into adulthood, and once matured, it can override SEN even at high state of activation.
