Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ARE 5.0 PPD - Project Planning & Design > Steel > Flashcards

Steel Flashcards

1
Q

<p>Types of steel</p>

A

<p>steel advantages = high strength + ductility, ease/speed/precision</p>

<p>disadvantages = melts when heated, will corrode</p>

<p>low carbon steel = .06-.3%</p>

<p>medium carbon = .3-.5%</p>

<p>high carbon = .5-.8%</p>

<p>as carbon increases, strength increases, but ductility decreases, so medium is 'best'</p>

<p>weathering steel = corten/has copper added to form patina</p>

<p>A36/A992 = common in W shapes (.25-.29 carbon)</p>

<p>A440 = high strength, for bolting, riveting</p>

<p>A441 = low alloy for welding</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

<p>Ornamental metals</p>

A

<p>handrails, guardrails, elevator interiors, metal panels, door/partition facings, signs, light fixtures, ceilings, meshes and perforations,Âetc.Â</p>

<p>most common: SS, Cu alloys, bronze, brass, Al</p>

<p>less common: carbon steel, Cu, iron, porcelain enamel</p>

<p>10 gauge min. in lg. sheets to avoid oil canning, unless back laminated, or embossed</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

<p>Metal fabrications</p>

A

<p>non-structural, like stairs, expansion jts. (both structural and seismic), gratings, ladders, etc.Â</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

<p>Types of stainless steel</p>

A

<p>302: Cr, Ni added, very strong, hard corrosion resistant</p>

<p>304: like 302, but more weldable, commonly used</p>

<p>301: less Cr, Ni, better tensile strength</p>

<p>316: for extremely corrosive environments</p>

<p>430: no Ni, less corrosion resistance, interiors only</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

<p>W_x_</p>

A

<p>nominal depth x weight lbm/ft</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

<p>Cast iron first reasonable</p>

A

<p>1709, Abraham Darby used coke not charcoal in production, decreased impurities, increased strength</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

<p>Steel first reasonable</p>

A

<p>1856 Henry Bessamer process makes steel inexpensive, stronger</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

<p>Types of Steel Shapes</p>

A

<p>wide flanges (W), I-beams (S), channels (C), structural tees (WT or ST), angles (L), tubes (TS) - round/square/rectangle, plates (PL) (more than 6"), bars (less than 6")</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

<p>Non-ferrous metals</p>

A

<p>Al: soft, so alloyed w Mn, Zn, Mg, Cu, usu. extruded, high stength to wt., but high embd. energy</p>

<p>Cu: very non-corrosive bc of patina (oil or wax can slow this process), v. conductive, used for wiring, pipes, ornament</p>

<p>Bronze: Cu + Sn</p>

<p>Brass: Cu + Zn</p>

<p>Zn: non corrosive, for roofing/flashing</p>

<p>Pb: good acoustics, easy to form, non-corrosive, poisonous</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

<p>Types of metal decking</p>

A

<p>Most often steel, sometimes aluminum; composites ats structurally with concrete infill; cellular allows raceways</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

<p>Metal finishing</p>

A

<p>bending, brake forming, spinning, embossing</p>

<p>annealing = reheated + slowly cooled to make more ductile</p>

<p>quenching = reheated + cooled quickly in water to strengthen</p>

<p>tempering = reheated + medium coolest to strengthen + increase ductility</p>

<p>case hardening = harder surface, softer core</p>

<p>anodizing = electrolytic bath that does surface chemistry to help corrosion resistance</p>

<p>painting/coating = for protection or aesthetics</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

<p>Steel channels used for:</p>

A

<p>framing openings, stringers, where flush side is needed - buckle easily bc of asymmetry</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

<p>Light gauge metal framing</p>

A

<p>10-25 gauge; usu galv. steel, sometimes aluminum; used for interior partions, exterior walls (bearing or non), joist, rafters, etc.; NONCOMBUSTIBLE; doesn't shrink with ageÂ</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

<p>Cast iron common</p>

A

<p>1876, used in roofs in France</p>

<p>1850-1880 = Cast Iron Age</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

<p>Levels of metal finish</p>

A

<p>No. 3 = dull, coarse</p>

<p>No. 4 = general purpose, still dull/coarse, common</p>

<p>No. 6 = sull satin</p>

<p>No. 7 = reflective</p>

<p>No. 8 = mirror-like</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

<p>Cast iron showcased</p>

A

<p>1851; Crystal Palace, Joseph Paxton</p>

<p>1889; Eiffel Tower, Halle des Machines</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

<p>Open-web steel joists</p>

A

<p>bottom chord & webs = bent rods</p>

<p>top chord = angles w/ bearing plate attached</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

<p>Types of open-web steel joists</p>

A

<p>K-series (2" increments) (spans 8-60 ft), LH-series (4" incr.) (spans 25-96 ft), DLH-series (4") (spans 89-144 ft), e.g. 36LH13 (36" depth, LH-series, type 13 chord). Chord number increases as strength increases.</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

<p>Metal fabrication types</p>

A

<p>casting (molds), hot rollingÂ(W-shapes, finer, less strong, more flexible), cold rolling (stronger, more brittle), extruding, drawing (stronger)</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

<p>Galvanic Action Index</p>

A

<p>Most reactive metals: Mg, Zn, Al, Mild Steel, Cast Iron</p>

<p>Medium: Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, Sn, Stainless Steel (active)</p>

<p>Least reactive: Brass, Bronze, Stainless Steel (passive)</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

<p>Types of iron</p>

A

<p>wrought = low carbon, has slag, soft/ductile, corrosion resistant</p>

<p>cast = ~2% carbon, hard & brittle</p>

<p>grey cast iron = high silicon content, for plumbing uses</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

<p>Cast iron + Steel = 1st skyscraper</p>

A

<p>1885, cast iron int/ext cols., Bessamer girders, William LeBaron Jenny, 10-story, Home Insurance Bldg., Chicago</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

<p>Cast iron first used in buildings</p>

A

<p>By 1779, common in bridges and columns</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

<p>Metal joining</p>

A

<p>bolts, screws, welding (>800 deg F), brazing (800-500 deg F - only filler melts), soldering (used for lower melting pt. metals, only filler melts)</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

<p>Why gauge doesn't matter</p>

A

<p>proprietary, different ones, too confusing, go with actual dimensions, not nominal</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

<p>Metal processing</p>

A

<p>smelting = refining</p>

<p>alloying = adding different metals to main metal to confer good properties</p>

<p>Â</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

<p></p>

A

<p></p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Thickness: 22 ga steel

A

0.0336 in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Thickness: 20 ga steel

A

0.0396 in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Thickness: 18 ga steel

A

0.0516 in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

which is strongest? Hot or cold rolled steel

A

Cold rolled steel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Stiffener plates

A

Welded on to make more rigid up the web at the point where extra forces are going to be applied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Back up bars

A

Prevent welding arc from burning through the flange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How are steel elements attached

A

Welding or bolts

35
Q

Steel column baseplate

A

Distribute the load of steel columns on concrete foundations

36
Q

Dog bone cuts

A

Control valve for seismic for es, deforming so that there is not a catastrophic failure of the welded or bolted joint

37
Q

Eccentrically braced frame

A

Useful in seismic loads as it resists lateral seismic forces without buckling

38
Q

Shear wall

A

Provides lateral stability by preventing lateral forces from collapsing the structure

39
Q

Staggered truss system

A

Every other floor is a truss - minimizes the thickness of the slab and the number of columns and floor to floor height

40
Q

Shear stud

A

Floor element welded to steel beam used to rigidly attached flooring (concrete) directly to beam

41
Q

Girts

A

Metal channels that span between steel columns - they receive the cladding and hold it in place

42
Q

Fireproofing steel columns (6)

A

NAME?

43
Q

Fireproofing steel beams and girders (6)

A

NAME?

44
Q

Castellated beam

A

Improved beam produced by flame cutting the web of a wide flange section along a zigzag path then reassembling the beam by welding its two halves point to point thus increasing its depth without increasing its weight

45
Q

Washers

A

Used to prevent galling (wearing between bolt and beam)

46
Q

Shear vs moment

A

Shear:Flanges aren’t engagedMoment:More rigidMore expensive

47
Q

Open web steel joists/trusses (3)

A

K series: standard 8-60ft long and 8-30in deepLH series: long span 25-96ft long and 18-48in deepDLH series: deep long span 89-144ft long and 52-96in deep

48
Q

Bearing type bolt vsSlip critical bolt

A

Slip critical slightly deforms the steel, creating tension and not allowing any movement Bearing type bolt it rests on the bolt, some movement allowed

49
Q

Components of concrete

A

Cement (portland cement), aggregates and water

50
Q

Difference between prestressed, pre-tensioned, and post-tensioned?

A

Prestressted: squeezing concrete together; categoryIt can be pretensioned or posttensionedPre-tension: precastPost-tensione: cast in place; pull draped cable with hydraulic

51
Q

Components of concrete

A

Cement (portland cement), aggregates and water

52
Q

Difference between prestressed, pre-tensioned, and post-tensioned?

A

Prestressted: squeezing concrete together; categoryIt can be pretensioned or posttensionedPre-tension: precast; cable or wire is draped then concrete poured, then cable is cut so that the resulting compressive force is teansferred to the concretePost-tensione: cast in place; pull draped cable with hydraulic

53
Q

Types of Portland Cement

A

Type I: normal concreteType IA: air entrainedType II: concrete with moderate resistance to sulfates and used when the groundwater or aggregate contains sulfatesType IIAType III: high early strenght (precast)Type III AType IV: low heat of hydration (massive structures)Type V: high resistance to sulfates

54
Q

size of aggregates

A

less than 3/4 space between rebar and less than 1/3 depth of slab

55
Q

why use lightweight aggregates

A

lighter weight or higher therman resistance (better insulation)

56
Q

range of concrete strength

A

2,000 psi to 20,000 psi

57
Q

concrete strength test

A

slump test: measures consistency of concreteconcrete cylinders (lab testing): measures compressive strength

58
Q

how are reinforcing bars measured

A

in 1/8 in

59
Q

what do chairs do

A

they keep the rebar at the right height when the concrete slab is poured

60
Q

what is shrinkage-temperature steel

A

steel wire reinforcing in concrete slabs that runs perpedicular to the lenght of the slab

61
Q

what do vertical bars do

A

take up vertical compression loads and tensile loads on the column

62
Q

what do column ties do

A

prevent outward buckling

63
Q

what does fibrous reinforcing in concrete do and what are the types

A

types: microfiber and macrofiberthe fibers act as tension members during curing

64
Q

prestressing

A

squeeze the concrete to increase its strength

65
Q

slab on grade steps

A
  1. scrape top soil2. add crushed stone3. roll out plastic sheeting4. place formwork leveled top5. place welded wire or rebar on chairs6. pour slab7. screed the slab8. give slab floating9. trowel the surface for smooth10. cover surface to keep damp11. create control joints
66
Q

how to minimize need for control joints

A

use stronger concrete, fly ash concrete, admixtures (less shrinkage), post tension, or microfibers

67
Q

control vs isolation joint

A

control joint extends partway down the depth of the slab to limit crackingisolation joint extends all the way through the slab to resist expansion and contraction, seismic forces, for noise or vibration, or to break up irregular shapes

68
Q

ICF (insulated concrete forms)

A

serve as concrete formwork and provide insulation - polysterene foam forms that remain in place after the concrete cures

69
Q

shores

A

adjustable height columns used to support the beams of a slab that is not poured on grade

70
Q

distribution ribs

A

added at the midspan of the joist in a one-way joist system to provide more rigidity and distribute the loads more efficiently

71
Q

drop panels

A

in a two way flat slab their job is to resist the shear forces near the top of each column, especially if there is a seismic or wind load that imparts a lateral force

72
Q

heads in waffle slab

A

resist the shear forces near the top of each column, especially if there is a seismic or wind load that imparts a lateral force

73
Q

lift slab system

A

cast all floor and roof slabs in a stack at the ground on the columns, lift them to the proper heights with a hydraulic jack and weld them into place - no formwork

74
Q

flying formwork

A

it uses large sections of reusable formwork (typ supported on metal trusses) which a crane lifts into place where the slab is poured. Then the formwork can be raised to the next level

75
Q

double tee

A

precast structure containing high strength pressure cables

76
Q

welded wire fabric

A

cold drawn steel wires set at right angles with each other and welded at the intersections

77
Q

concrete admixtures

A

NAME?

78
Q

fly ash

A

waste material obtained from coal fired power plants - imporves workability, reduces temperature rise, minimizes bleeding, reduces permeability, enhances sulfate resistance

79
Q

architectural concrete finishes

A

form lines. scrubbed, acid wash, water jet

80
Q

tooled and sandblasted finishes

A

bush hammering, grinding, applied, applied, sandblasted finishes

81
Q

rubbed finishes

A

smooth and grout cleaned

82
Q

concrete slab finishes

A

float finish, light steel troweled finish, hard steel troweled finish, broom finish

83
Q

expansion joint

A

allows entire sections of a concrete structure to move independently

ARE 5.0 PPD - Project Planning & Design (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions