General Mix Flashcards
A device used to collect solar radiation
collector
PPM
parts per million
Fire assembly
A complete fire-resistive assembly consisting of a fire door, fire damper or fire window and its mounting frame and hardware.
The rate at which a specific thickness of a given material conducts heat.
conductance (c)
chill factor
a fictitious temperature assigned to a combination of actual temperature and wind velocity which has the same physiological effect as still air at the chill factor temperature.
The tendency of a gas or air to rise in a vertical shaft because its density is lower than that of the surrounding gas or air.
stack effect
oakum
calking made from hemp fiber strand or rope soaked in oil or other substance to make it waterproof and rot-resistant.
effective temperature
A fictitious temperature which would produce the same physiological effect as the combined effects of temperature humidity of air movement.
Energy received from solar radiation.
insolation
A gaseous fire-extinguishing medium which smother fire often used in automatic systems in computer rooms.
Halon
Materials used to store and release heat by means of their latent heat capacity that is they alternately melt and solidly in the normal solar operating temperature range of 80-160º
Eutectic Salts
Ratio of reflected to incident light falling on a surface
reflectance
The number of hours needed for 1 Btu to pass through 1 sq.ft of a material when the temp. differential is 1ºF
Resistance
Enthalpy
Total in a substance, including latent heat and sensible heat.
POC
Abbreviation of products of combustion usually relative to smoke detection.
blowdown
The drain which removes dirt which builds up in the floor pool of an evaporative cooling tower or the discharge of sediment from the bottom of a boiler or heat exchange.
The time rate of heat flow which combines the effects of conduction, convection and radiation.
heat transmission
The total of sensible plus latent heat stored in the air.
enthalpy
ABS
acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene: a plastic used for drainage waste and vent piping and sewer systems
A single-number system for specifying a maximum SPL level in a given location using standardized reference contours.
NC curves
The waste from urinals, water closets and fixtures of similar function.
soil
A cooling system that provides refrigerated air using solar radiation as the prime source of energy.
solar AC
Any device used for transferring heat from one fluid to another where fluids are physically separated.
heat exchanger
The pressure measured by a pilot tube consisting of static pressure and velocity pressure.
total pressure
Long span systems
greater than 60'
don't have much redundancy, bc too costly
must primarily resist loads in bending, via beam action
thermal size changes more pronounced, need room for, and beware when attaching things to it
tolerances of greater than an inch can occur bc of long distances/depths
connections are more crucial bc of lack of redundancy, overconnect, even past code
high cost, need skilled labor, hard to transport if factory made (60' max by truck, 80' max by rail)
choose cheapest material closest to hand
trusses for shorter long spans, arches for longest long spans
Steel one way members
steel girders: rolled steel/I beams, max span length is 72', add plates and top and bottom to strengthen
steel plate girders: plates at top/bottom w angles in between, and stiffeners, a built up system, can get deeper, span longer than I beam, deeper means higher moment of inertia, often used as transfer beams
rigid/moment frames: 3 pinned arch, eg, rigid connections make it an indeterminate structure, pinned makes it a determinate structure, they do bending, compression and flexure
trusses: built of triangles, higher strength to wt ratio, good in both tension and compression, good for lt wt, offsite production, quick erection, easy to penetrate w MEP, efficient material use, but long fabr time makes them costly, purlins on triangle pts span btwn them
open web steel joists: essentially trusses from steel parts, K goes to 60', LH goes to 100', DLH goes to 144', most often parallel chord, underslung, but can have square ends, be pitched one or two ways, have camber, are flexible in configuration, are usu supported by joist girders
vierendeel trusses: not actually trusses, more like holes in web of I beam, the cut out shape helps resist bending
Wood one way members
glulams rarely make it past 60'
wood trusses or arches ok
Concrete one way members
prestressed conc. can span to above 60'
single or double Ts act like girders
AASHTO girders: for highway bridges, like bulky I beam in conc.
funicular or parabolic conrete arches, A-frame, gable frame, radial, 3pt centered, all have thrust which must be countered, but go waaay further than beams, 50-500'
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Steel two way members
space frames: 3D trusses, most common is the offset grid
steel framed domes, if lateral hoops check bending well enough, no thrust is generated, no tie to foundation needed, show little deflection, v stiff
Schwendler dome is trussed, geodesic dome is built up triangles, both have so many jts, are tough to waterproof
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Roof two way members
steel or steel-reinforced concrete, but may be made from wood members, too
thin-shell structures: barell vaults (an arch, extruded, when formed from triangles, is lamella roof, often wood sports area roofs), synclastic shell (looks like picnic tent), anticlastic shell (hyperbolic parabaloid, is flared at ends), very rigid and efficient, but can't get thick to be struc sound, and are labor intensive, in US we ignore efficieny benefits of them
membrane structures: resist loads in tension, prone to changing shape, are tents, if air supported, means positive pressure inside
folded plates, are stronger than non-folded planes
suspension: resist loads in tension, utilizes fullest stress capacity, so very efficient, spans the longest of all, there is an optimum sag, bc more sag means more length, but less sag means greater cable size
catenary curve: uniform load on a cable