STDs

Question 1

HPV that causes cervical cancer

Answer 1

HPV 16, 18, 31, 33

Question 2

HPV that causes genital warts

Answer 2

HPV 6, 11

Question 3

E1 and E2 in HPV

Answer 3

virulence factors
E1: recognizes origin of replication in viral genome
E2: helps E1 get onto viral genome

Question 4

E6 and E7 in HPV

Answer 4

virulence factors in oncogenic strains
E6: binds and inactivates p53, target for ubiquination
E7: binds and inactivates Rb, target for ubiquination

Question 5

What type of cells does HPV infect and why

Answer 5

only stem cells in cervix
because HPV needs host DNA synthase
only stem cells enter S-phase to replicate

Question 6

Function of E6 and E7 in oncogenic strains

Answer 6

inhibit p53 and Rb
allow cell to enter S-phase without being stopped by those proteins
allows for host DNA-synthase to be expressed, viral genome to be copied

Question 7

Classification of

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Answer 7

Gram -
diplococcus
oxidase +
only glucose oxidizer
N. gonorrhoeae

Question 8

Major virulence factor in N. gonorrhoeae

Answer 8

specialized pili

• attachment to host
• antigenic variation: immune system evasion

Question 9

How to grow N. gonorrhoeae

Answer 9

Thayer-Martin media

Question 10

Young person with septic arthritis in single joint most commonly has this

Answer 10

N. gonorrhoeae

has bacteremic phase when may enter joint space at negative pressure

Question 11

Complications of N. gonorrhoeae

Answer 11

septic arthritis
PID -> tubal scarring
neonatal conjunctivitis
spread to peritoneum and liver capsule in women

Question 12

N. gonorhoeae spread to liver capsule name

Answer 12

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

Question 13

HPV classification

Answer 13

dsDNA virus group I
circular genome
icosahedra nucleocapsid
non-enveloped
papovaridae
Papillomavirus

Question 14

What causes syphilis

Answer 14

Treponema pallidum

Question 15

How to identify syphilis on stain

Answer 15

Gram -

sprirochete

Question 16

1˚ syphilis presentation

Answer 16

chancre
small, painless, hard, red bump at site of infection
occurs 9 days - 3 mo after infection
chancre breaks down to form shallow crater w/ firm margins
no systemic Sx

Question 17

2˚ syphilis presentation

Answer 17

systemic Sx: fever, headache, sore throat, lymphadenopathy
red/brown rash all over body including palms and soles
may lose hair
3 wk - 6 mo after chancre heals, resolves in 2 wk

Question 18

3˚ syphilis presentation

Answer 18

aortic aneurysm: vaso vasorum destruction
neurosyphilis: cord, CN, or brain
gumma formation

Question 19

When is gumma formed

Answer 19

gumma formed in 3˚syphilis
painful, swollen syphilic tumor
usually benign

Question 20

Microscopy of syphilis options

Answer 20

dark-field microscopy

wet mount may detect spirochetes

Question 21

Ab titers in syphilis

Answer 21

anti-cardiolipin Ab
anti-treponemal Ab
indirect immunofluresence available

Question 22

Tx of syphilis

Answer 22

penicillin

tetracycline or erythromycin if allergic

Question 23

Which STD commonly causes purulent discharge from penis

Answer 23

gonorrhea

Question 24

Quick test for HSV

Answer 24

Tzanck smear

look for multinuclated giant cells

Question 25

What immune response is most important in HSV

Answer 25

cell-mediated immunity

Question 26

Thymidine kinase and its importance in HSV

Answer 26

only present in α-herpes viruses

• phosphorylated acyclovir
• 2x phosphorlations by other enzymes
• incorporated into DNA
• chain terminator

Question 27

Classification of HSV

Answer 27

DNA virus
icosahedral nucleocapsid
Class I: dsDNA
herpesviridae
simplex virus
HSV-1 and HSV-2

Question 28

Trichinoma vaginalis

presentation

Answer 28

yellow, foamy vaginal discharge

Question 29

Clue cells are seen where

Answer 29

in bacterial vagninosis

Question 30

Tx of trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 30

metronidazole

Question 31

Identification of trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 31

pear-shaped protozoan

w/ 4 flagella + 1 undullating membrane

Question 32

Candida infections are almost always __________

Answer 32

opportunistic

post-Abx, diabetic, etc

Question 33

Tx of candida

Answer 33

topical or systemic azoles

Question 34

Identification of candida on microscopy

Answer 34

pseudohyphae