std Flashcards
what are 3 types of bacterial STDs
- chlamydia trachomatis
- neisseria gonorrhea
- treponema pallidum (syphilis)
can chlamydia be grown and are they symptomatic
cannot grow this organism, asymptomatic!
conditions associated with genital chlamydia
urethritis, cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease
complications of chlamydia in pregnant woman
preterm delivery, low birth weight infants and premature rupture of membranes
complication of chlamydia in newborns (infection during pregnancy)
neonatal conjunctivitis and pneumonia
how to diagnose chlamydia?
women: endocervical swab or first catch urine
men: first catch urine
test type conducted for chlamydia
NAAT or PCR
NAAT: nucleic acid amplification test
how does gonorrhoeae present in men
early and symptomatic
how does gonorrhoeae present in women
asymptomatic and atypical
conditions associated with gonorrhoeae in men
urethritis and epididymitis/prostatitis
conditions associated with gonorrhoeae in women
cervicitis, urethritis and pelvic inflammatory disease
what are EXTRA conditions associated with gonorrhoeae
pharyngitis, conjunctivitis and disseminated gonococcal infection
diagnosis for gonorrhoeae
NAAT or PCR from urine/swab sample
how many stages of progression are there for syphilis?
3
what happens in the primary stage of syphilis?
painless sore (chancre) at inoculation site
what happens in the secondary stage of syphilis?
DISSEMINATION through body: rash, pustular lesions, fever, lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes)
what happens in the tertiary stage of syphilis?
CNS invasion - neurosyphilis
CVS syphilis - aneurysm formation, aortitis
how do u diagnose syphilis?
serology - antibody testing! (bc u cannot culture syphilis)
VDLR, RPR, TPPA, EIA
what are the types of viral STDs?
herpes - HSV
human papilloma virus - HPV
whats the difference between the 2 types of HSV
HSV-1: oral cold sores via oral-oral or oral-genital contact
HSV-2: genital herpes
what happens in the primary infection of HSV
commonly asymptomatic
ulceration at site of infection
what happens in the secondary stage of HSV
latency in nerves
remains latent for life
what happens in the last stage of HSV
same spectrum as primary infections
higher risk for encephalitis infections
how to diagnose HSV
PCR or NAAT
what happens in the primary stage of HPV (human papilloma virus)
asymptomatic, genital/non-genital warts
what happens in persistent infection of HPV
increases risk of cancer, eg cervical, anal, oropharyngeal
how to prevent HPV
vaccination! and cervical screening for 30-49yo, every 5 years
