respiratory tract infections

Question 1

what are the most common form of pulmonary infections

Answer 1

CAP
HAP - 48h or more after hospital admission
VAP - ventilator - 48-72h after endotracheal intubation
aspiration pneumonia

Question 2

typical pathogens associated with CAP

Answer 2

strep. pneumoniae (gram positive), haemophilus influenzae

Question 3

tests to do for typical pathogens

Answer 3

MCS

Question 4

atypical pathogens associated with CAP

Answer 4

mycoplasma, chlamydia & legionella pneumoniae

Question 5

tests to do for atypical pathogens

Answer 5

PCR and urine (only for legionella)

Question 6

pathogens associated with HAP and VAP

Answer 6

typical pathogens +
THINK of gram negative bugs!
1. “coliforms!!!” - ecoli, klebsiella, proteus, enterobacter
2. pseudomonas aeruginosa
3. gram neg bacilli - ACINETOBACTER
(mrsa - if pt is positive)

Question 7

pathogens associated with aspiration pneumoniae

Answer 7

patients mouth flora
HAP pathogens

Question 8

pathogens associated with immunocompromised patients with pneumonia

Answer 8

pneumocystis jirovecii (HIV!)
aspergillus species (bone marrow)

Question 9

tests to do for bacteria infections

Answer 9

MCS - microscopy - gram stain, culture & sensitivity

Question 10

tests to do for viral pneumonia

Answer 10

PCR

Question 11

which pathogen requires a urine sample for RTI

Answer 11

legionella pneumophila - easier to detect through urine

Question 12

when is a blood culture ordered

Answer 12

when patient has an infection and when they are septic or febrile (fever above 37.5)