gi Flashcards
what are the common bacterias for gastroenteritis
salmonella species (including typhi & paratyphi)
shigella
campylobacter
vibrio
c.diff
where is salmonella (eg s enteriditis) from and what are the treatments
food, usually self limiting (no treatment required)
where is salmonella typhi and paratyphi from and what are the treatments
water-borne, from person to person, usually imported
treated with abx, at risk of developing bacterimia and sepsis
where is shingella species from and what are the treatments
person to person, no treatment
where is campylobacter jejuni from and what are the treatments
food - chicken! usually no treatment
where is vibrio species from and what are the treatments
food - raw seafood/sushi, no treatment
where is clostridium difficile from and what is the treatment (and what it may lead to)
antibiotic exposure - person to person, or from contaminated hospital environment
requires treatment as may lead to colitis, toxin megacolon and death - STOP antibiotics but give vancomycin
what are the 3 most common viruses for gastroenteritis
norovirus, rotavirus and adenovirus
what are the treatment for these 3 viruses
usually self limiting - no treatment
how is norovirus transmitted
through contaminated food (eg shellfish and water), rapidly spread from human to human via faecal matter
eg hospital or cruise ships
how is rotavirus and adenovirus transmitted
person to person, common causes of infant/paeds diarrhoea
sample to send for bacterial GE
STOOL for Culture and sensitvity
sample to send for c.diff
STOOL for c diff TOXIN
sample to send for viral GE
STOOL for PCR or EIA (enzyme immunoassay)
sample to send for parasitic gastroenteritis
STOOL microscopy OCP (ova, cysts and parasites)
what is peritonitis caused by
perforation of intestines:
appendicitis
after bowel surgery
colon cancer
c diff colitis & toxic megacolon
which pathogens causes peritonitis or any GI related infection
coliforms
pseudomonas aeruginosa
anaerobes
enterococci
which pathogen causes peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis
coliforms
pseudomonas aeruginosa
anaerobes
enterococci
AND members of skin flora,
staph aureus (related to foreign matter eg dialysis catheter)
which pathogen is related to peptic ulcer disease
helicobacter pylori
what pathogens are related to cholangitis, liver/splenic abscess
coliforms, enterococcus
anaerobes, p.aeruginosa
