Stats M. 8

Question 1

hypothesis test (significance test)

Answer 1

is a method for using sample data to decide between 2 competing claims about a population characteristic

Question 2

hypothesis test involves writing two hypotheses (in terms of population parameter)

Answer 2

1. null hypothesis, Ho
2. alternative hypothesis, Ha
   -initially assume Ho is true

Question 3

two posible conclusions in hypothesis testing

Answer 3

1. reject Ho
2. fail to reject Ho

Question 4

null hypothesis

Answer 4

-claim about a population parameter that is initially assumed to be true
-always include an =

Question 5

alternative hypothesis

Answer 5

-claim about a population parameter that we hope to show is true
-either a ≠, <, or >

Question 6

significance level

Answer 6

a threshold that we establish in order to help us determine the cutoff for what is considered to be unusual enough to lead us to no longer believe the null hypothesis

Question 7

hypothesis testing steps

Answer 7

1. fix an acceptable significance level
2. define your parameter of interest
3. write your null and alternative hypotheses
4. collect data
5. check assumptions
6. calculate your test statistic
7. calculate p-value
8. make a decision regarding the sampling distribution (reject Ho, fail to reject Ho, we never accept Ho)
9. write conclusion

Question 8

p value

Answer 8

the probability of observing our sample result or something even more extreme given that the null hypothesis is true

Question 9

a small p value
(p value <= a)

Answer 9

says data we have observed would be very unlikely if our null hypothesis were true, and we have reason to reject the null hypothesis
-stronger the evidence against null hypothesis

Question 10

a large p value

Answer 10

says that the stat we have observed are consistent with the model from the null hypothesis and we have no reason to reject the null hypothesis