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Statistics > Stats M. 2 > Flashcards

Stats M. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

relative frequency distribution

A

listing of distinct values and their relative frequencies (proportions or percentages)

Numerical summary for categorical data

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2
Q

Bar Chart

A

Graphical Summary for categorical data
-bars do not touch each other

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3
Q

Pareto diagram

A

graphical summary for categorical data

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4
Q

pie chart

A

graphical summary for categorical data

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5
Q

Mean

A

sum of observations divided by the number of observations

numerical summary for quantitative data

sensitive to/affected by extreme values

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6
Q

median

A

the number that divides the bottom 50% of the data from the top 50% of the data

numerical summary for quantitative data

not sensitive to/not affected by extreme values

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7
Q

mode

A

any value that occurs with the greatest frequency

numerical summary for quantitative data

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8
Q

percentiles

A

indicate the point below which a certain percentage of observations fall`

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9
Q

quartiles

A

special type of percentile that divides data into quarters

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10
Q

Q1

A

25%

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11
Q

Q2

A

median- 50%

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12
Q

Q3

A

75%

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13
Q

standard deviation

A

tells us whether the observations within the data set tend to be close to the mean or far away from the mean

numerical summary for quantitative data

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14
Q

IQR

A

the difference between Q3 and Q1
tells us about the variability of the middle 50%

numerical summary for quantitative data

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15
Q

range

A

difference between the maximum and minimum value

numerical summary for quantitative data

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16
Q

Dotplot

A

graphical summary for quantitative data

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17
Q

histogram

A

graphical summary for quantitative data

Bars touch

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18
Q

density plot

A

graphical summary for quantitative data

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19
Q

box plot

A

graphical summary for quantitative data
5 number summary (minimum, Q1, median, Q3, maximum)

20
Q

time plots

A

graphical summary for quantitative data

21
Q

S.O.C.S

A

Shape
Outliers
Center
Spread

22
Q

Shape

A

Unimodal, bimodal, multimodal
skewness or symmetrical
-left skewed= tail goes to negative side
-right skewed=tail goes to positive side

23
Q

Outliers

A

unusual values

24
Q

Center
-symmetric + no outliers

A

Report the mean

25
Q

Center
-skewed +/or outliers

A

report the median

26
Q

Spread
-symmetric + no outliers

A

report the standard deviation

27
Q

Spread
-skewed +/or outliers

A

report the IQR

28
Q

Comparative graphical displays (quantitative + categorical)

A

SOCS
Histogram + box plot

29
Q

Bivariate Data

A

data that contains 2 variables

30
Q

Association
(Bivariate Data)

A

a relationship between two variables

31
Q

Response Variable
(Bivariate Data)

A

measured to make comparisons between groups

32
Q

Explanatory Variable
(Bivariate Data)

A

explains the value of the response variable

33
Q

contingency table

A

a frequency distribution for bivariate data (also called a two-way or cross-tabulation table)

34
Q

conditional proportions
(Bivariate Data)

A

proportions based on the explanatory variable for the categories of the response variable
(divide each cell count by the corresponding row total)

35
Q

No association
(Bivariate Data)

A

values (%) within each column or bar heights of same color are similar

36
Q

Yes association
(Bivariate Data)

A

values (%) within each column or bar heights of same color are different

37
Q

comparative bar chart

A

a chart that compares the conditional proportion of the response variable within each category of the explanatory variable

38
Q

Mosaic plots

A

another comparative chart

39
Q

Scatterplots

A

summarize bivariate quantitative data

40
Q

Positive Association
(bivariate quantitative data)

A

as values of one variable increase, so do values of the other

41
Q

Negative association
(bivariate quantitative data)

A

as values of one variable increase, values of the other variable decrease

42
Q

No association
(bivariate quantitative data)

A

no apparent relationship between the two variables

43
Q

correlation

A

measure of the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variable

44
Q

weak correlation

A

positive: 0 < r < 0.4
negative: -0.4 < r < 0

45
Q

moderate correlation

A

positive: 0.4 < r < 0.8
negative: -0.8 < r < -0.4

46
Q

strong correlation

A

positive: 0.8 < r < 1
negative: -1 < r < -0.8

Statistics (11 decks)

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