Stats- concepts

Question 1

advantages and problems for between-subjects design

Answer 1

problems: more participants required, different conditions might be due to differences between group characteristics, advantages: when IV is a subject variable, using deception

Question 2

advantages and problems for within-subjects designs

Answer 2

advantages: fewer people, same people means more observations so more statistical power, problems: order effects, progressive effects, carryover effect

Question 3

basic v. applied research

Answer 3

basic: designed to understand fundamental psychological phenomena, applied: designed to shed light on the solution to real-world problems

Question 4

descriptive v. inferential statistics

Answer 4

descriptive: info to describe or summarize data, Inferantial: to take info from your sample and infer conclusions about the general population

Question 5

Direct v. Conceptual replication

Answer 5

conceptual: when parts of the study are purposely changed to test the predictions of the original study, direct: reproduce previously observed results

Question 6

informed consent

Answer 6

given enough info about the study purpose, and procedure, and allowed to decide if they want to participate, can quit any time

Question 7

moderator v. mediator

Answer 7

mediator: explains the process through which two variables are related moderator: affects the strength and direction of that relationship

Question 8

probability vs convenience sampling

Answer 8

probability: each member of the population has a specific probability of being selected, convenience: non-random samples, usually recruited from a pool of easily accessible individuals

Question 9

random sampling vs. random assignment

Answer 9

random sampling: each member of the population has an equal probability of being selected, random assignment: randomly placed by chance in experimental conditions

Question 10

case studies

Answer 10

detailed description and analyses of a single individual and criticism are external validity, researcher bias, and based largely on memory

Question 11

Quasi-experimental and experimental

Answer 11

experimental: manipulated IV, and equivalent groups formed by random assignment or matching. Quasi is when either of these isn’t met

Question 12

IRB

Answer 12

evaluate research proposals, ensure human subjects are treated ethically, and evaluate risks (institutional review board)

Question 13

IACUC

Answer 13

IRB but for animals, institutional animal care and use committee

Question 14

Type 1 error vs Type 2 error

Answer 14

type 1 error: rejecting the null when its actually true, Type 2 error: failing to reject the null when its actually false

Question 15

Types of control groups

Answer 15

waitlist, yoked, and placebo

Question 16

main and interaction effects

Answer 16

main effects: the overall effect of a single IV on the DV, interaction: when the influence of one IV on the DV depends on the level of another IV