social final

Question 1

social psychology

Answer 1

the influence of groups and institutions on an individual

Question 2

folk wisdom

Answer 2

birds of a feather flock together or common knowledge

Question 3

construals

Answer 3

how humans will behave in a given situation is not determined by the objective of a situation but rather perceive

Question 4

self-esteem

Answer 4

manipulate the world to make ourselves feel better

Question 5

social influence

Answer 5

the real or imagined presence of others

Question 6

schema

Answer 6

organize what we know and make sense of the world by interpreting new situations

Question 7

self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 7

an expectation of belief that can influence your behaviors, thus causing the belief to come true

Question 8

availability heuristic

Answer 8

a mental rule of thumb whereby people base a judgement on the east with which they can bring something to mind

Question 9

representativeness heuristic

Answer 9

a mental shortcut whereby people classify something according to how similar it is to a typical case

Question 10

base rate

Answer 10

info about the frequency of the members of different categories in the population

Question 11

nonverbal behavior

Answer 11

how people communicate intentionally or unintentionally without words like facial expression

Question 12

encode and decode

Answer 12

encode is express or emit nonverbal behavior and decode is interpreting the meaning

Question 13

attribution theory

Answer 13

the way in which people explain the causes of their own and other peoples behavior

Question 14

internal disposition

Answer 14

someone is behaving in a certain way because of something about the person

Question 15

external situational

Answer 15

behaving in a certain way because of a situation

Question 16

covariation model

Answer 16

we notice and think about more than one piece of info, how behavior co-varies across time, space, and place

Question 17

consenous

Answer 17

the extent to which one particular behavior is the same way toward the same stimulus

Question 18

distinctiveness

Answer 18

extent to which one particular actor behaves in the same way to different stimulus

Question 19

consistency

Answer 19

the extent to which the behavior between one actor and stimulus is the same across time and circumstance

Question 20

self-concept

Answer 20

the overall set of beliefs that people have about their personal attributions

Question 21

self perception theory

Answer 21

when our attributes and feelings are uncertain or ambiguous we use our own behavior and the surrounding situation as info

Question 22

self control

Answer 22

the way we make plans and execute decisions and control

Question 23

impression management

Answer 23

the way we present ourselves to others and get them to see us as we want to be seen

Question 24

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 24

discomfort that people feel when two cognitions conflict or when people behave in ways that are inconsistent with their conception of themselves

Question 25

self affirmation

Answer 25

the idea that people can reduce threats to their self-esteem by affirming themselves in areas unrelated to the source of the threat

Question 26

affective attitudes

Answer 26

emotional reaction

Question 27

behavioral attitudes

Answer 27

actions or observable behavior

Question 28

Cognitive attitudes

Answer 28

thoughts and beliefs

Question 29

explicit and internal attitudes

Answer 29

explicit is consciously endorse and can easily repost, internal involuntary, uncontrollable, and at times unconscious

Question 30

persuasive communication

Answer 30

who: source, what: nature, whom: nature of the audience

Question 31

attitude inoculation

Answer 31

resisting persuasive advertising, making people immune to attempts to change their attitude by initially exposing them to smalls doses against their argument

Question 32

conformity

Answer 32

a change in one’s behavior due to the real or imagined influence of others

Question 33

informational social influence

Answer 33

conform because we see others as a source of information

Question 34

normative social influence

Answer 34

the implicit or explicit rules a group has for the acceptable behaviors, values, and beliefs of its members

Question 35

group benefits

Answer 35

important source of info, important aspect of identity, and establishments of social norms

Question 36

social facilitation

Answer 36

presence of others increases arousal so easy tasks are better performed but hard tasks are worse performed

Question 37

social loafing

Answer 37

increased relaxation, people do worse on simple tasks but better on complex ones

Question 38

propinquity effect

Answer 38

proximity and the finding that the more we see and interact with people, the more likely they are to become friends

Question 39

social exchange theory

Answer 39

costs, benefits, and outcomes of a relationship and comparison level: expectations and comparison level for alts: a different relationship

Question 40

altruism

Answer 40

the desire to help another person even if it involves a cost to the helper

Question 41

empathy

Answer 41

pure motive for helping, put oneself in another’s shoes

Question 42

aggression evolutionary view

Answer 42

males behave aggressively to secure status and female chooses male for greatest protection and resources

Question 43

frustration aggression theory

Answer 43

the idea that frustration is the perception that your being prevented from obtaining a goal

Question 44

ways to reduce aggression

Answer 44

control, catharsis, and cohabitation

Question 45

prejudice

Answer 45

affective- discrimination, behavioral- stereotypes, cognition

Question 46

Benevolent vs. Hostile sexism

Answer 46

hostile: stereotypical views of women that suggest they’re inferior to men, benevolent: stereotypical, positive views of women because they need to be protected

Question 47

the contact hypothesis

Answer 47

mere contact with out-groups equals less prejudice if both groups are equal and share a common goal