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Question 1

one way ANOVA

Answer 1

tests for mean differences in the DV across multiple levels of an IV

Question 2

applied behavior analysis

Answer 2

translational research, frequency, both basic and applied, no control group

Question 3

Archival research

Answer 3

involves carefully observing what has happened in the past, uses data that already exists

Question 4

between subjects variables

Answer 4

will contrast two conditions of an IV between two groups of people, can’t be in both groups

Question 5

within-subjects variables

Answer 5

will contrast two conditions of an IV within the same group of people

Question 6

external and internal validity

Answer 6

external: generalizability, internal: describes the extent to which the experiment is free of errors and differences in the DV are due only to the IV

Question 7

regression

Answer 7

a procedure used to predict a score on one variable from a score on another variable and multiple regression performs the same procedure using multiple variables for a single outcome

Question 8

reliability

Answer 8

exists when researchers obtain the same results with consistency, interrater reliability is the ability for different experimenters to get the same result

Question 9

validity

Answer 9

exists when researchers are accurately measuring something

Question 10

construct validity

Answer 10

measures constructs should correlate with things if they’re related to and shouldn’t correlate with things they’re not related to

Question 11

empirical questions

Answer 11

must be answerable with quantitative or qualitative data, have operational defined variables

Question 12

operational definition

Answer 12

example a researcher wants to determine if depression is related to grades, a detailed explanation of technical terms and measurements used during data collection

Question 13

converging operations

Answer 13

means that our confidence in a result increases when experiments with different operational definitions and procedures converge the same conclusion

Question 14

confound

Answer 14

an extraneous variable that correlates with the IV, can control confounds by designing your exp. to eliminate them or statistically controlling them

Question 15

complete counterbalancing

Answer 15

means all possible sequences of conditions are used ABC CBA etc.

Question 16

Partial counterbalancing

Answer 16

means only some possible sequences of conditions are used

Question 17

reverse counterbalancing

Answer 17

presents the conditions in one order and then the opposite order more than once

Question 18

block randomization (type of counterbalancing)

Answer 18

presents the condition in random order within a block and this procedure is repeated a number of times

Question 19

participant bias

Answer 19

can occur when participants have expectations and beliefs about their roles in the study

Question 20

Hawthorn effect

Answer 20

unrealistic results b/c participants are behaving knowing their being studied

Question 21

Good subject effect

Answer 21

persist through tasks when normally they would stop but they want to be a good subject

Question 22

Evaluation apprehension

Answer 22

participants respond differently b/c they wish to be evaluated positively

Question 23

Experimenter bias

Answer 23

the researcher does something that leads the participant to behave in certain ways

Question 24

Ways to control experimenter bias

Answer 24

eliminate all interaction with the researcher, script/protocols, or use blinding

Question 25

carry-over effects

Answer 25

specific sequence of conditions might change the outcome that’s why use counterbalancing

Question 26

effect size

Answer 26

used to inform readers about the size of a statistically significant difference, cohens D, 95% confidence intervals

Question 27

repeated measures design

Answer 27

a research design in which subjects are measured two or more times on the DV