Stats Flashcards
Population
The set of all the individuals of interest in a particular study
Vary in size; often quite large
Sample
A set of individuals selected from a population
Usually intended to represent the population in a research study
Variable
Characteristic or condition that changes or has different values for different individuals
Data
Measurements or observations of a variable
Data Set
A collection of measurements or observations
Datum
A single measurement or observation
Commonly called a score or raw score
Parameter
A value, usually a numerical value, that describes a population
Derived from measurements of the individuals in the population
Statistic
A value, usually a numerical value, that describes a sample
Derived from measurements of the individuals in the sample
Descriptive Statistics
Summarize data
Organize data
Simplify data
Familiar examples
Tables
Graphs
Averages
Inferential Statistics
Study samples to make generalizations about the populations from which they were selected
Interpret experimental data
Common terminology
“Sampling error” (“margin of error”)
“Statistically significant”
Sampling Error
The discrepancy, or amount of error, that exists between a sample statistic and the corresponding population parameter
Real Limit
are the boundaries of intervals for scores that are represented on a continuous number line
Nominal
one or another, male or female, Diagnosis
Ordinal
Categories XS,S,M,L
Interval
ordered categories Temperature
