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Question 1

What is the absolute risk reduction calculation?

Answer 1

Absolute risk reduction = (Control event rate) - (Experimental event rate)

Question 2

numbers needed to treat

Answer 2

1/(Absolute risk reduction)

= 1/(Control event rate) - (Experimental event rate)

Question 3

what is power?

Answer 3

Power - the probability of (correctly) rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false

Question 4

Relative risk reduction calculation vs relative risk

Answer 4

Relative risk reduction = (EER - CER) / CER

relative risk = EER/ CER

Question 5

what % of values of a normally distributed variable lie within 1 standard deviation of the mean.

Answer 5

68.3%

Question 6

what % of values of a normally distributed variable lie within 2 standard deviation of the mean.

Answer 6

95.4%

Question 7

what % of values of a normally distributed variable lie within 3 standard deviation of the mean.

Answer 7

99.7% of values lie within 3 SD of the mean

Question 8

Which phase of clinical trials specifically looks at the efficacy of the drug?

Answer 8

phase IIb

Question 9

Which phase of clinical trials specifically looks at the ideal dosing of the drug?

Answer 9

phase IIa

Question 10

Skewed distributions

Answer 10

Skewed distributions
alphabetical order: mean - median - mode
‘>’ for positive, ‘<’ for negative

normal distributions mean=median=mode

Question 11

equation for number needed to treat

Answer 11

NNT = 1 / Absolute Risk Reduction

Question 12

Cohort study - the usual outcome measure is ?

Answer 12

the relative risk

Question 13

case-control studies - the usual outcome measure is ?

Answer 13

Odds ratio