Oncology

Question 1

Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
- antibody against what
- common cancers

Answer 1

monoclonal antibody directed against the HER2/neu receptor

breast + gastric carcinoma

Question 2

what is Abiraterone?

Answer 2

Abiraterone is an androgen synthesis inhibitor used in metastic prostate cancer

Question 3

what is Bicalutamide ?

Answer 3

is an androgen recept blocker used in metastic prostate cancer

Question 4

what inheritable disease is caused by mutation in p53 gene

Answer 4

Li-Fraumeni syndrome
autosomal dominant disorder

early onset of a variety of cancers such as sarcoma, breast cancer and leukaemias.

Question 5

which chemo drug causes hypomg

Answer 5

cisplatin

Question 6

The most important side effect of aromatase inhibitors eg. anastrazole, letrozole

Answer 6

osteoporosis. (Reducing oestrogen) Women should have their bone mineral density formally assessed at the beginning of treatment and at regular intervals thereafter

Question 7

Side effects of tamoxifen (SERM se elective oestrogen receptor modulator) which acts as an oestrogen receptor antagonist and partial agonist.)

Answer 7

Deep vein thrombosis, endometrial cancer, and vaginal bleeding

Question 8

check DEXA scan for osteporosis before which cancer treatments?

Answer 8

Anastrozole and letrozole are aromatase inhibitors (breast & prostate cancer) that reduces peripheral oestrogen synthesis

Question 9

The most common malignancy associated with acanthosis nigricans

Answer 9

is gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma

Question 10

+ diffuse hypertonia

associated with breast, colorectal and small cell lung carcinoma

Answer 10

Anti-GAD antibody

stiff person’s syndrome

Question 11

Paraneoplastic syndromes affecting nervous system

Answer 11

lambert eaton: pre-synaptic voltage gated calcium channel
small cell lung cancer (also breast and ovarian)

anti hu - sensory peripheral neuropathy

anti-GAD - stiff man syndrome

anti-yo - cerebellar syndrome

anti-ri - ocular opsoclonus-myoclonus

Purkinje cell antibody
- peripheral neuropathy in breast cancer

Question 12

EBV: associated malignancies:

Answer 12

Burkitt’s lymphoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Question 13

nasopharyngeal carcinoma - virus linked

Answer 13

EBV

Question 14

are coal dust workers at increased risk of lung ca

Answer 14

no

Question 15

Common drugs that cause agranulocytosis:

Answer 15

Antithyroid drugs - carbimazole, propylthiouracil

Antipsychotics - atypical antipsychotics (CLOZAPINE)

Antiepileptics - carbamazepine

Antibiotics - penicillin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole

Antidepressant - mirtazapine

Cytotoxic drugs - methotrexate

Question 16

The oncologist recommends starting a medication which can specifically target this type of breast cancer in post-menopausal women only.

Answer 16

Anastrozole and letrozole are aromatase inhibitors that reduces peripheral oestrogen synthesis.

in post-menopausal women, the main oestrogen synthesis is happening peripherally

Question 17

people with sjogrens are at increased risk of what?

Answer 17

lymphoid malignancy

Question 18

umour markers
testicular tumours

Answer 18

germ cell tumours:
1) seminomas: hCG
2) non-seminomas: AFP and/or beta-hCG are elevated in
3) teratomas - no raised markers

LDH is elevated in around 40% of germ cell tumours

Non-germ cell tumours include Leydig cell tumours and sarcomas.

Question 19

diagnostic test for pancreatic ca

Answer 19

CT