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Millwright 4th Year > Stationary Engine Fundamentals > Flashcards

Stationary Engine Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

What is a cylinder head?

A

The area that seals and confines the expanding gas and is situated on top of the cylinder

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2
Q

What is the block/frame?

A

The main structure of the engine that supports all working parts to keep that in alignment

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3
Q

What are the engine cylinders?

Liners, sleeves or cylinders

A

Hollow tubes in which the pistons slide up and down to harness the expansion of burning gases.

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4
Q

What are the pistons and piston rings?

A

Pistons form the moveable end of the combustion chamber, they transmit the power from the expansion of the burning gases to linear motion.

Piston rings help to seal the burning gases to harness as much energy as possible

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5
Q

What are connecting rods?

A

The link between the piston wrist pin and the crankshaft

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6
Q

What is the crankshaft?

A

Changes the linear motion of piston to continuous usable rotary motion

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7
Q

What is the camshaft, lifters and rocker arms?

A

The camshaft (cam) opens and closes the intake and exhaust valves.

Lobes of the cam push on the lifters which pushes on the push rods and rocker arms.

Rocker arms change direction of motion and open the valves

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8
Q

What is the flywheel?

A

The flywheel stores energy and smoothes the power pulses from the piston

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9
Q

What is the balancer?

Harmonic balancer, vibration dampener or torsional vibration dampener

A

Reduces the crankshaft torsional vibrations

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10
Q

What are the timing gears?

A

They link all parts of the engine together so that all events in the engine occur at the correct time

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11
Q

What does TDC stand for?

A

Top dead centre

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12
Q

What does BTDC and ATDC stand for?

A

Before top dead centre

and

After top dead centre

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13
Q

What does HP stand for?

A

Horsepower

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14
Q

What does BHP stand for?

A

Brake horsepower

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15
Q

What is an engine?

A

A mechanical device that converts the chemical energy stored in a fuel to heat and then into mechanical energy

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16
Q

What is a motor?

A

A mechanical device that converts fluid or electrical energy into mechanical energy

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17
Q

What is torque?

A

The twisting force acting at a radius that produces a turning momentum

Torque=Force x distance (a turning effect)

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18
Q

What are the 4 different types of power?

A

Horsepower

Friction horsepower

Indicated horsepower

Brake horsepower

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19
Q

What is friction horsepower?

A

The power required to overcome engine frictional and pumping losses

FHP= IHP - BHP

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20
Q

What is indicated horsepower?

A

The theoretical power of an engine, does not take any friction or pumping losses into consideration

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21
Q

What is brake horsepower?

A

Actual power measured at the end of the crankshaft

BHP= IHP - FHP

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22
Q

What are the 3 kinds of friction?

A

Sliding

Rolling

Fluid

23
Q

What is inertia

A

The tendency of an object in motion to stay at motion

24
Q

What is considered the stroke of a cylinder?

A

From TDC to BDC

25
Q

What is a square engine?

A

An engine with the same dimensions for bore diameter and stroke length

26
Q

What is the difference between an oversquare and undersquare engine?

A

Oversquare engines have a larger bore diameter then stroke length

Undersquare engines have a longer stroke length then bore diameter

27
Q

How do you calculate piston displacement?

A

Area of bore X Length of stroke

3.14R (2)

28
Q

What is engine displacement?

A

It is the piston displacement multiplied by the number of cylinders

29
Q

What is clearance volume?

A

The volume remaining above the piston when it’s at TDC

30
Q

Lyon do you calculate compression ratio? (CR)

A

CR = Displacement + clearance volume / clearance volume

/ = division symbol

31
Q

What is the ratio for volumetric efficiency?

A

Volume of atmospheric air drawn into cylinder on the intake stroke : the cylinder displacement

32
Q

What is blowby?

A

The leakage of burned and unburned gases past the compression rings into the crankcase

33
Q

What are the three things needed for combustion?

A 
Fuel 
\+
Air
\+
Spark
34
Q

True or false, the fuel needs to be atomized and mix with the oxygen in order to burn?

A

True

35
Q

What are the 4 strokes on a 4-stroke engine?

A
  1. Intake
  2. Compression
  3. Power
  4. Exhaust
36
Q

How many degrees of rotation must a 4 stroke make to complete its cycle?

A

270°

37
Q

How many degrees of rotation must a 2 stroke make to complete its cycle?

A

360°

38
Q

Where should you stand when determining crankshaft rotation?

A

The main power end of the engine

39
Q

How are engine cylinders usually numbered?

A

Opposite to the flywheel

40
Q

What is a running mate?

A

Only applies to 4 stroke engines and refers to the cylinders that have the same pistons reaching TDC at the same time

41
Q

What are the 6 different cylinder and crankshaft arrangements?

A
  1. Inline
  2. V-type
  3. Integral
  4. Opposed piston
  5. Horizontally opposed
  6. Radial
42
Q

What are the 3 different valve arrangements?

A
  1. Overhead valve
  2. Multi-valve
  3. Flat head
43
Q

What problem does an overhead cam solve?

A

The problem of excessive valve train mass and so many moving parts.

44
Q

What is the job of a pushrod?

A

Transmit motion to the head and valves from the camshaft

45
Q

What is a naturally aspirated engine?

A

Engines that draw air into the cylinders using differential pressure only

46
Q

What is an artificially aspirated engine?

A

An engine that uses some mechanical means to fill the cylinders with air like a blower or (pressure under piston)

47
Q

What RPM is considered a low speed engine?

A

500 rpm and below

48
Q

What rpm is considered a medium speed engine?

A

500 rpm to 1000 rpm

49
Q

What engine rpm is considered high speed?

A

1000 rpm and above

50
Q

How does a Diesel engine ignite the fuel air mixture?

A

It uses the heat of compression to ignite the fuel-air mixture to combust

51
Q

Do spark-ignition engines have a lower compression ratio then Diesel engines?

A

Yes because they have a spark plug where as a Diesel engine needs high compression ratios to generate high heat and ignite the fuel-air mixture

52
Q

What is a perfect vacuum?

A

29.92 inches of mercury

53
Q

How many watts is 1 hp?

A

746 watts

54
Q

What determines firing order?

A

The position of the crankshaft throws and the arrangement of the lobes on the camshaft

Millwright 4th Year (15 decks)

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