Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Functional Anatomy Final > Station 8: The Spine and Nerves > Flashcards

Station 8: The Spine and Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the ligaments of the spine?

A

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (anterior portion of spine)
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (anterior portion of spine)
Ligamentum flavum (posterior)
Interspinous ligament (posterior
Supraspinous ligament (posterior)
Intertransverse ligament (posterior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which ligament bears the greatest strain in hyperextension?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which ligament bears the greatest strain in flexion?

A

Interspinous ligament (more fibres in more directions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which ligament bears the greatest strain in lateral flexion?

A

Contralateral intertransverse ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which ligament bears the greatest strain in rotation?

A

Capsular ligaments of zygapophyseal joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What colour is ligamentum flavum and why?

A

Yellow due to elastin (2:1 ratio of elastin to collagen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What section of the vertebrae has the most flexion/extension?

A

L5-S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What section of the vertebrae has the most lateral flexion?

A

C3-C5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What section of the vertebrae has the most rotation?

A

C1-C2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do characteristics do these points of the vertebrae have?
OC-C1
C1-C2
C2-C7
T1-T12
L1-L5

A

OC-C1: no rotation (atlanto-occipital)
C1-C2: lots of rotation from the dens. No lateral flexion
C2-C7: Flexion/extension higher from C5 onwards
T1-T12: Frontal facing facets, little flex/ext, good lateral flexion and rotation
L1-L5: great flex/ext up to 20 degrees, minimal rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the dynamic between erector spinae and Line of Gravity?

A

LOG pushes us forward, ES counteracts this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the ROM for neutral thoracic kyphosis?

A

20-45 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the ROM for thoracic hypokyphosis?

A

<20 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the ROM for thoracic hyperkyphosis?

A

> 45 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the ROM for neutral lumbar lordosis?

A

20-40 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the ROM for lumbar hypolordosis?

A

<20 degrees

17
Q

What is the ROM for lumbar hyperlordosis?

A

> 40 degrees

18
Q

What does thoracic kyphosis do to the LOG?

A

Pushes it more forward, and thus ES must work hard to balance the weight which is set forward

19
Q

What is the ROM for neutral pelvic tilt?

A

30 degrees

20
Q

What is the ROM for anterior pelvic tilt? and what is this?

A

> 30 degrees. Lordosis

21
Q

What is the ROM for posterior pelvic tilt?

A

<30 degrees

22
Q

How you can you position yourself to reduce the load on the lumbar spine?

A

lie down on back
No gravity

23
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

24
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31

25
Q

How many cervical nerves are there and why?

A

8 cervical nerves because they come out on top of the corresponding bone

26
Q

From thoracic onwards, where do nerves come out from?

A

Below the corresponding bone

27
Q

What is a plexus?

A

Network or bundle of spinal nerves after they come out of the spinal cord and run into nerves

28
Q

What is the dorsal nerve root?

A

Afferent, sensory. So receives the input. On posterior side

29
Q

What is the ventral nerve root?

A

Efferent, motor. Sends input to effector. On anterior side

30
Q

What are the components of a reflex arc?

A
  • Receptor
  • Sensory neuron
  • Integration centre
  • Motor neuron
  • Effector
31
Q

Describe the brachial plexus

A

Serves the arm
Origin: C5-T1
5 nerves
- Axillary (shoulder)
- Musculocutaneous (bicep area)
- Radial (tricep and forearm)
- Ulnar
- Median (forearm)

32
Q

Which nerve from the brachial plexus is affected by Saturday night paralysis?

A

Radial nerve - when arm left in awkward position this nerve gets compressed

33
Q

Which nerve is the funny bone?

A

Ulnar - medial epicondyle of humerus. Bone and nerve are exposed

34
Q

What are some common symptoms of brachial plexus damage?

A

Arm: adducted, internally rotated
Hand: flexed
Elbow: extended, pronated

35
Q

Describe the Lumbar Plexus?

A

Serves lower body
Arises from L2-L4
Lies with iliopsoas (psoas portion)
2 nerves
- Femoral: front upper leg (iliopsoas and quad muscles)
- Obturator: inside of leg (adductors)

36
Q

If you had pain in the medial thigh, which nerve would be damaged?

A

Obturator nerve from Lumbar Plexus

37
Q

Describe the Sacral Plexus

A

Supplies posterior leg
Arises from L4-S4
2 Nerves
- Sciatic
- Tibial: back of leg
- Common fibular: front of lower leg

  • Superior and inferior gluteal (glutes)
38
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

Area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve

39
Q
A

Functional Anatomy Final (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions