Station 3: Elbow, Hand and Wrist Flashcards
What are the 3 joints of the elbow complex?
Humeroulnar joint - Hinge
- trochlea and trochlea notch
Humeroradial joint - Plane
- capitellum and head of radius
Proximal Radioulnar joint - Pivot (pronation/supination)
- head of radius and radial notch
Which of the 3 elbow joints is responsible for pronation and supination?
Proximal radioulnar joint
What are the 3 ligaments of the elbow?
Annular Ligament - runs over the front
Radial collateral ligament - splits into two on front side
Ulna collateral ligament - on back side
What is valgus?
Distal end of the limb is lateral
Think L in valgus is for lateral
What is varus?
Distal end of the limb is medial
What is the normal angulation of elbow?
10-15 degrees valgus
What is the difference between Radius Deviation and Ulna Deviation?
Radius deviation: tilting the hand and wrist toward the thumb and radius
Ulna Deviation: tilting the hand and wrist toward the pinky and ulna
What are the important ligaments of the wrist?
Palmar intercarpal ligaments (intrinsic)
Radiolunate (extrinsic)
Ulnolunate (extrinsic)
What are the intrinsic ligament/s of the wrist?
Palmar intercarpal ligament
What are the extrinsic ligament/s of the wrist?
Radiolunate and Ulnolunate
What does the double V system of ligaments in the wrist do?
Provides stability during radial-ulnar deviation
What is the triangular fibrocartilage complex?
Provides stability for ulna during movement, particularly radial deviation
Absorbs shock, prevents radius/ulna separation
The triangular fibrocartilage complex is particularly helpful for which type of deviation?
Radial Deviation
What does the retinaculum do in the carpal tunnel?
This is the transverse ligament
It completes the U shape to form carpal tunnel
Which nerve is involved in carpal tunnel syndrome?
Median nerve. This is where pressure cannot escape the tunnel
What are the arches of the hand?
Proximal Transverse Arch (K = Capitate)
Distal Transverse Arch (K = 3rd metacarpal)
Longitudinal Arch (No K)
What is the keystone of the proximal transverse arch?
Capitate
What is the keystone of the distal transverse arch?
3rd Metacarpal
What is the keystone of the longitudinal arch?
Does not have a keystone
Which arches are mobile?
Distal Transverse Arch and Longitudinal Arch
Which arches are not mobile
Proximal Transverse Arch
What do intrinsic muscles of the wrist do?
Change the shape of the hand and maintain the arches
What is prehension?
Grasping, holding, grabbing of any object
What are the two classes of prehension?
Power and Precision
What is power prehension?
Thumb adduction
What is precision prehension?
Fingers are spread
Which prehension grip is used for opening a tight jar?
Power + Precision
