Station 6: Ankle and Foot Flashcards
What is normal foot and ankle ROM?
10-12 cm with knee to wall test
What is the ankle joint?
Talocrural joint
Describe what happens to the arch through gait?
Stance: arch collapses - absorbing shock
Push off: high arch for propulsion
What are the rear foot bones?
Calcaneus and Talus
What are the mid foot bones?
cuboid and navicular
What are the fore foot bones?
Lateral/Intermediate/Medial Cuneiform
What are the 3 foot arches?
Lateral Longitudinal Arch
Medial Longitudinal Arch
Transverse Arch
What is the keystone of the lateral longitudinal arch?
Cuboid
What is the keystone of the medial longitudinal arch?
Talus
What is plantar fascia?
Thick fibrous tissue which runs from calcaneus to toes
When the foot is flat, plantar fascia is …?
not loose or tight
When the foot is pushing off, plantar fascia is …?
pulled tight
What two structures form truss?
Medial longitudinal arch and plantar fascia
What does plantar fascia do for the medial longitudinal arch?
maintains it and provides static support and dynamic shock absorption
What is the windlass mechanism?
When pushing off, the plantar fascia tightens which makes the arch higher which helps to propel you forward
What are common injuries of plantar fascia and how do they come about?
Plantar fascitis - inflammation.
Arises from poor biomechanics
Why is the terminology of the foot different to the body
Due to the projection of foot anteriorly from coronal plane of body
What are the differences in terminology for the foot
Plantarflexion/Dorsiflexion = Flexion/Extension
Inversion/Eversion = adduction/abduction
Adduction/Abduction = internal/external rotation
What are the joints of the ankle, their actions and which bones they connect?
Talocrural joint: plantarflexion/dorsiflexion. Tibia and talar dome
Subtalar joint: inversion/eversion and abduction/adduction. Talus/Calcaneus
Midtarsal joint: inversion/eversion and abduction/adduction. Talus/Navicular/Cuboid
What are the intertarsal joints?
Subtalar and Midtarsal joints
Which way do the soles face for inversion
Soles face Inwards
Which way do the feet point for abduction?
Feet face outwards
What actions occur for pronation?
Dorsiflexion + Abduction + Eversion
Rolling in
What actions occur for supination?
Plantarflexion + adduction + inversion
Rolling out
What happens to the knee due to excessive pronation
Knee rolls out
Internally rotates
For 1 degree of pronation, how many degrees of internal rotation of the tibia are there?
4 degrees
Why is incidence of knee injury high in people who pronate?
Rolling in causes tibia internal rotation
Referred pain
