Station 1

Question 1

External oblique muscle

Answer 1

• The folded lower border of the aponeurosis of the muscle forms the inguinal ligament
• Superficial inguinal ring: Triangular opening of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle

Question 2

Internal oblique muscle

Answer 2

Neurovascular plane is located between internal oblique and transversus abdominis

Question 3

Transversus abdominis

Answer 3

• Muscle of the anterior abdominal wall that is enclosed by the rectus sheath
• • Neurovascular plane is located between internal oblique and transversus abdominis

Question 4

Rectus abdominis

Answer 4

• Muscle of the anterior abdominal wall that is enclosed by the rectus sheath
• BV of the anterior abdominal wall are located deep to this muscle

Question 5

Rectus sheath

Answer 5

• Formed by: aponeurosis of external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles.
• Encloses: rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscle;
• contains: superior and inferior epigastric vessels and the ventral rami of T7 to T12 nerves

Question 6

Inguinal ligament

Answer 6

• Folded lower border of aponeurosis of external oblique muscle, extending from ASIS to Pubic tubercle
• Forms the inferior border of inguinal triangle [Hesselbach’s]

Question 7

Arcuate line

Answer 7

• Marks the termination of the posterior wall of the rectus sheath, just below the level of the iliac crest.
• Observe the composition of the posterior wall of the rectus sheath above the costal margin, between the costal margin and the arcuate line, and below the arcuate line.

Question 8

Inferior epigastric vessels

Answer 8

• Branch of external iliac artery
• Found within rectus sheath

Question 9

Inguinal canal

Answer 9

• Formation:
  
  • A: External oblique aponeurosis
  • P: Transversalis fascia +Aponeurosis of transversus abdominis
  • S: Arching fibers of internal oblique
  • I: Inguinal + Lacunar ligament
• Courses from the deep inguinal ring to superficial ring
• Contents: spermatic cord, ligament of uterus, genital branch of genitofemoral nerve, ilioinguinal nerve

Question 10

Ilioinguinal nerve

Answer 10

• Runs through the part of the inguinal canal and the superficial inguinal ring, it does not pass through the deep inguinal ring
• Arises from 1st lumbar nerve

Question 11

Round ligament of the uterus

Answer 11

• Passes through inguinal canal
• Extends from superolateral angle of the broad ligament
• Supports the uterus

Question 12

Lesser Omentum

Answer 12

• [Peritoneal formation]
• Extends from porta hepatis of liver to lesser curvature of stomach
• Has a hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric part

Question 13

Greater Omentum

Answer 13

• [Peritoneal formation]
• Apron hanging from greater curvature of stomach, covering transverse colon and abdominal viscera

Question 14

Epiploic foramen

Answer 14

• Also known as Winslow’s foramen
• Significance: Only communication between lesser and greater sac
• Boundaries:
  
  • S: Peritoneum covering caudate lobe
  • I: Peritoneum covering 1st part of duodenum
  • A: free edge of hepatoduodenal ligament
  • P: peritoneum covering IVC

Question 15

Conjoint tendon

Answer 15

-

Question 16

Muscle: External Oblique

Answer 16

Question 17

Muscle: Internal Oblique

Answer 17

Question 18

Muscle: Transversus abdominis

Answer 18

Question 19

Muscle: Rectus Abdominis

Answer 19

Question 20

Differences above and below the arcuate line

Answer 20