Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced Pharm, Exam 2 > Statin Lowering Agents > Flashcards

Statin Lowering Agents Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 aspects of care in the treatment approach to dyslipidemia?

A

1) Initiate therapeutic lifestyle changes
2) treat any secondary causes
3) Treat LDL
4) Consider specific treatment for hypertriglyceridemia (>200)
5) Consider TX of HDL if <40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 primary therapeutic lifestyle changes recommended for the treatment of dyslipidemia?

A

1) Reduce cholesterol-raising foods
2) LDL lowering options (plant stanols/sterols, fiber
3) Diet and exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In a cholesterol-lowering diet for dyslipidemia, what is the max percentage of total calories that should come from saturated fats?

A

7%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the dosage for plant stanols/sterols for reducing LDL?

A

2g/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the dosage for viscous fiver for reducing LDL?

A

10-25g/dy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the underlying causes of dyslipidemia? (5)

A

1) DM2
2) Hypothyroidism
3) Obstructive liver disease
4) CKD (nephrotic syndrome)
5) Medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What medications can cause an increase LDL? (8)

A

1) Anabolic steroids
2) Cyclosporine
3) Glucocorticoids
4) O3FA (slightly)
5) Isotretinoin
6) Protease Inhibitors (for HIV)
7) Thiazides
8) TZD (slightly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What medications can increase TG? (10)

A

1) Antipsychotics
2) BB
3) Cyclosporine
4) Estrogen (oral)
5) Glucocorticoids
6) Isotretinoin
7) Protease inhibitors (for HIV)
8) Thiazides
9) Tamoxifen (SERM)
10) Raloxifene (SERM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the primary drug classes used in treating high LDL? (7)

A

1) HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (Statins)
2) PCSK9
3) Bile acid sequestrants
4) Selective cholesterol absorption inhibitors
5) Niacin
6) Fibrates
7) Fish oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What percentage do statins decrease LDL?

A

20-60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What percentage does PCSK9 decrease LDL?

A

64%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What percentage do bile acid sequestrants decrease LDL?

A

20-35%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What class of drugs used to help decrease LDL can raise TG by 5-20%

A

Bile acid sequestrants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What percentage do selective cholesterol absorption inhibitors decrease LDL?

A

18-25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What percentage does Niacin (Niaspan) decrease LDL?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What percentage do fibrates decrease

LDL?

A

10%

**May also raise by 10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What effect does fish oil ( O3FA) have on LDL?

A

Increase by 46%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How should tx of hypertriglyceridemia (<200) be approached?

A

Attaining non-HDL goal?

19
Q

What HDL level warrants consideration of treatment?

A

> 40

20
Q

What is the dose range for Lovastatin (Mevacor)?

How does dosing affect LDL and HDL levels?

A

40-80 mg

Can decrease LDL by up to 40% on max dose and can increase HDL by 8.6%

21
Q

Does Lovastatin (Mevacor) cross BBB?

A

Yes

22
Q

What is the dose range for Simvastatin (Zocor)

How does dosing affect LDL and HDL levels?

A

20-40mg

Can decrease LDL by up to 47% and can increase HDL by 12%

23
Q

Does Simvastatin (Zocor) cross BBB?

A

Yes

24
Q

What is the dose range for Atorvastatin (Lipitor)?

How does dosing affect LDL and HDL levels?

A

10-80 mg

Can decrease LDL by up to 60% and can increase HDL by 6%.

25
Q

Is Atorvastatin (Lipitor) short-or long-acting?

A

LONG-Acting

26
Q

What is the dose range for Rosuvastatin (Crestor)?

How does dosing affect LDL and HDL?

A

5-40 Mg

Can decrease LDL by up to 60%+ and can increase HDL by 14%

27
Q

Is Rosuvastatin (Crestor) short or long-acting?

A

Long-acting?

28
Q

What is the conversion sequence for statins?

A

Rosuvastatin 5mg=Atorvastatin 10mg=Simvastatin 20mg=Lovastatin 40mg

29
Q

What Coenzyme does statin therapy reduce?

A

CoQ10, consider supplementation

30
Q

What’s the MOA for statins?

A

Inhibit HMG CoA reductase

Reduction in HMG CoA decreases intracellular cholesterol production, upregulation of LDL receptors in liver, and enhanced clearance of LDL out of circulation

31
Q

What time of day should statins be taken? Why?

A

Short-acting taken at night, long-acting doesn’t matter when taken

Short-acting best taken at night because that’s when cholesterol synthesis most active (2-4 AM)

32
Q

Side Effects of Statins? (4)

A

Elevated liver enzymes
Muscle issues (esp those with HIV)
CNS/cognitive effects (r/t lipophilic BBB crossing
Risk for development of DM

33
Q

What are the 45primary muscle issues that can occur with Statin treatment?

A 
Myalgia
Myopathy
Myositis
Myonecrosis
Rhabdo
34
Q

How is myalgia r/t statin use manifested?

A

flu-like symptoms with normal CK

35
Q

How is myopathy r/t statin use manifested?

A

muscle weakness or CK elevation

36
Q

How is myositis r/t statin use manifested?

A

muscle inflammation

37
Q

How is myonecrosis r/t statin use manifested?

A

CK elevation

38
Q

How is Rhabdo r/t stain use manifested?

A

Myonecrosis + Myoglobinuria or ARK/AKI

39
Q

YES OR NO

Do statins induce liver failure, transplant, or death in the general population?

A

Yes

40
Q

YES OR NO

Should liver enzymes be monitored with long-term use?

A

NO

41
Q

YES OR NO

Are statins contraindicated in chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, NASH or liver transplant?

A

NO

42
Q

YES OR NO

Do statins need to have dose adjustments in HIV< HCV treatment?

A

Yes

43
Q

What are the risk factors for statin-induced myopathy? (5)

A 
>60 years
Female
CKF
Hypothyroidism
Meds (drug interactions)

Advanced Pharm, Exam 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions