Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced Pharm, Exam 2 > Hypertension Evaluation and Guidelines > Flashcards

Hypertension Evaluation and Guidelines Flashcards

1
Q

CVD Risk Factors? (10)

A 
HTN
Smoking
BMI > 30
Dyslipidemia
DM
Microalbumiuria/GFR <60
Men> 45
Women >55
Family HX
Metabolic Syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What CNS target organ damage is associated with HTN? (3)

A

Stroke
HTN Encephalopathy
Aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What target organ damage of the eyes is associated with HTN? (2)

A

Papilledma,

HTN retinopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What cardiovascular target organ damage is associated with HTN?(4)

A

CV-LV Hypertrophy
HF
MI
PVD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What renal target organ damage is associated with HTN? (4)

A

Increase BUN
CrCl
ARF
CKD (GFR <60)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name important considerations when measuring BP and evaluating for high BP (ie specifics of measuring) (10)

A

Consider >2 or more SEATED readings
At least 5 minutes in between readings
High BP must exist in >2 office visits
No Coffee or smoking within 30 min of reading
Arm with cuff at level of heart
Appropriate cuff size (at least 80% circumference of arm
Feet on floor
No crossed legs
SBP vs DBP determined with stethoscope
Check standing BP in pt at risk of orthostasis or autonomic dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is important to remember when evaluating for orthostatic hypotension?

A

Stand and check BP 1-3 min after each position change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What pressure differences (systolic and diastolic) must exist to diagnose orthostatic hypotension?

A

Decrease in Systolic by 20mmHG

Decrease in Dyastolic by 10mmHG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are important physical examination components when evaluating for hypertension?

A 
BP readings
height and weight (to determine BMI)
Presence of carotid/abdominal/renal bruits
JVD
Edema
Peripheral pulses
Neurologic Examination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two key determining factors when evaluating for HTN in children?

A

AGE

Normal limits based on age/sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Goal of Hypertension treatment in Adults?

A

take once/day with 24 hour coverage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the preferred diuretic of choice in HTN?

A

Chlorthalidone (over HCTZ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Range for normal blood pressure

A

<120/80

If range above this, encourage lifestyle habits and reasses in 1 year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is recommended treatment for BP >120/80?

A

Encourage lifestyle changes, reassess in 1 year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the blood pressure range for ‘elevated’ blood pressure?

A

120-129/<80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the treatment recommendation for ‘elevated’ blood pressure?

A

Nonpharmacological therapy, reassess in 3-6 months

17
Q

What is the BP range for Stage 1 HTN?

A

130-139/80-89

18
Q

What is the recommended treatment for Stage 1 HTN?

10 year risk of CVD >10%
10 year risk of CVD<10%

A

If 10 year risk of CVD >10%, Nonpharmacologic therapy AND HTN meds

Thiazides(preferred if balck), ACEi, ARB, CCB(preferred if black)

Reassess in 1 year

If 10 yark risk of CVD <10%,Nonpharmacologic therapy, reassess in 3-6 months

19
Q

What is the BP range for Stage 2 HTN?

A

> 140/90

20
Q

What is the treatment for Stage 2 HTN

A

Nonpharmacologic therapy AND HTN meds

**Use combination w/2 first line agents in different classes

21
Q

List non-pharmacological therapies for HTN? (7)

A 
Weight loss
DASH Diet
Limit ETOH
Aerobic activity 5 days per week, 30 min
Na+ restricted <2.3mg/day
Smoking Cessation
Consume at least 3500mg K+ per day
22
Q

What is definition of White Coat HTN (BP range in office)?

A

> 130/80, < 160/100

23
Q

In White Coat HTN what BP range in ABPM or HBPM indicates need to start HTN meds?

A

> 130/80

24
Q

What HTN drugs need to be avoided in PREGNANCY? (2)

A

ACEi
ARBS

Both are Teratogenic

25
Q

What HTN Meds are safe to use in Pregnancy? (4)

A

Methyldopa (dug of choice)
Guanfacine (Cat B)
Hydralazine (Cat C)
Labetalol (Cat C)

26
Q

What is the drug of choice for treating HTN in pregnant wormen?

A

Methyldopa

27
Q

What are the causes of Secondary HTN (CV)? (3)

A

Atherosclerosis
Renovascular HTN (Actavation of RAAS)
Recurrent UTI in women (r/t scarring of kidneys)

28
Q

What are the causes of Secondary HTN (Adrenal)?(3)

A

Cushing’s
Hyperaldosteronism
Pheochromocytoma

29
Q

What are the causes of Secondary HTN (Medication Induced)? (6)

A 
Corticosteroids
Oral Contraceptives
ADHD meds (stimulants)
Cocaine
TCAs
Effexor
30
Q

What are the causes of Secondary HTN (Herbals)? (1)

A

Locorice

31
Q

What are the causes of Secondary HTN (CNS)? (1)

A

Intracranial HTN with increase release of catecholamines

32
Q

What are the causes of Secondary HTN (Pregnancy)? (1)

A

Pre-eclampsia

33
Q

What sleep disorder can cause secondary HTN? (1)

A

Obstructive sleep apnea

34
Q

What are the causes of Secondary HTN (Thyroid Related)? (2)

A 
Graves disease (systolic HTN)
Hypothyroidism (diastolic HTN), due to Na+ retention
35
Q

Definition of Hypertensive Crisis requiring URGENT intervention?

How to treat it (3)?

A

SBP>180 and/or DBP >110

No target organ damage
BP can be lowered over several hours/days
Consider hospital admission

36
Q

Definition of Hypertensive Crisis requiring EMERGENCY intervention

A

SBP >180 and/or DBP 110

Target organ damage
Avoid sudden or drastic decrease in BP (25% reduction in MAP over several hours
Admit to hospital

Advanced Pharm, Exam 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions