States Of Matter And Mixtures Flashcards
What do particles of solids have in between them?
Strong forces of attraction
What’s it called going from a solid to liquid?
Melting
What do liquid particles have in between them?
Some force of attraction
What’s it called going from a liquid to a gas?
Evaporation
What do gas particles have between them?
No force of attraction
What happens when gas particles bounce off walls?
They exert a pressure on the walls
What is it called going from a gas to a liquid?
Condensing
What is it called going from a liquid to a solid?
Freezing
What’s it called going from a gas to a solid?
Desublimation
What’s it called going from a solid to a gas?
Sublimation
What is a bad thing about chemical changes?
They are difficult to reverse
What is a pure substance?
A substance completely made up of a single element or compound
Why do impure substances have a range of melting points?
Because they are mixtures
What is simple distillation used?
Used for separating out a liquid from a solution
What are the 4 steps of simple distillation?
- Put the solution in the conical flask
- Heat it
- Water vapour goes through condenser
- Vapour condenses and goes into the beaker
What is a problem with simple distillation?
Can only use it to separate things with very different boiling points
What is fractional distillation used for?
Used to separate a mixture of liquids
What are the 3 steps of fractional distillation?
- Heat conical flask
- Liquids evaporate in order of boiling points
- Put each separated liquid into test tubes
What is filtration?
Separating an insoluble solid from a liquid
What is crystallisation?
Separates a soluble solid from a solution
What is chromatography?
A method to separate the different colours of a mixture
What is the mobile phase in chromatography?
The solvent that moves along the paper carrying the dissolved samples with it
What is the stationary phase in chromatography?
The surface through which the solvent and dissolved substances in chromatography
What is the equation for Rf value?
Distance travelled by solute/distance travelled by solvent
