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Chemistry > Key Concepts In Chemistry > Flashcards

Key Concepts In Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a MASH equation?

A

Metal + acid —> salt + hydrogen

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2
Q

What is a BASHO equation?

A

Base + acid —> salt + water

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3
Q

What is a CASHOCO equation?

A

Carbonate + acid —> salt + water + carbon dioxide

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4
Q 
What are the symbols for these common acids?
Hydrochloric acid?
Chloride?
Sulphuric acid?
Sulphate?
Nitric acid?
Nitrate?
Hydroxide?
Carbonate?
A 
HCl-
Cl-
H2SO4
(SO4)2-
HNO3
NO3-
OH-
(CO3)2-
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5
Q 
What are the symbols for these common molecules?
Water?
Ammonia?
Carbon dioxide?
Chlorine?
Hydrogen?
Oxygen?
A 
H20
NH3
CO2
Cl2
H2
O2
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6
Q

What is shown in ionic equations and what is taken out?

A

Only the reactive parts are shown

Any aqueous ions that are present on both sides are taken out

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7
Q

How do you do ionic equations? (2)

A

Separate any aqueous ions that are present in a balanced equation

Cancel out the aqueous ions which are present on both sides

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8
Q

Why do we use the Bohr model today?

A

Because it contains shells

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9
Q

Each shell around an element has a f_____ e_____

A

fixed energy

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10
Q

protons are h_____ and p________ c________

A

Heavily and positively charged

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11
Q

Neutrons are h_____ and n_______

A

heavy and neutral

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12
Q

Electrons have ______ ___ mass and a _________ charge

A

Hardly any mass and a negative charge

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13
Q

Which one is the mass number?

A

the top one/the MASSive one

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14
Q

Which one is the atomic number?

A

The bottom one

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15
Q

How do you work out the number of neutrons?

A

Mass number - atomic number

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16
Q

What is an element?

A

A chemical substance which cannot be broken down into any simpler substances by chemical reactions

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17
Q

Are elements pure or impure?

A

Pure

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18
Q

How many melting points do elements have?

A

1

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19
Q

What is a compound?

A

Chemicals made from atoms of different elements joined by chemical bonds

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20
Q

Are compounds pure or impure?

A

Pure

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21
Q

How many melting points do compounds have?

A

1

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22
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Made from different substances which are not chemically joined

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23
Q

How many melting points do mixtures have?

A

A range

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24
Q

Are mixtures pure or impure?

A

Impure

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25
Q

What is the symbol for ammonium?

A

NH4+

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26
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

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27
Q

What happens to an isotope’s atomic and mass numbers?

A

Same atomic number but different mass numbers

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28
Q

Calculate the relative atomic mass for:
30% thallium 203
70% thallium 205

A

(30x203)+(70x204)/100 = 204.4

29
Q

What does the group number on the periodic table represent?

A

Number of electrons on the outer shell

30
Q

What does a period on the periodic table represent?

A

Number of shells

31
Q

What did Mendeleev do? (3)

A

Arranged 50 known elements into a table

Put elements into groups based on properties

Put them in order of atomic mass

32
Q

What are ions?

A

Atoms which have lost or gained electrons

33
Q

Why do atoms gain or lose electrons?

A

To get a full outer shell

34
Q

What are anions?

A

Negative ions

35
Q

When are anions formed?

A

When atoms gain electrons, so they have more electrons that protons

36
Q

What is a cation?

A

A positive ion

37
Q

When do cations form?

A

When atoms lose electrons, they have more protons than electrons

38
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

When a metal and non-metal react together

39
Q

In ionic bonding, what happens to the metal ions?

A

They lost electrons to become cations

40
Q

In ionic bonding, what happens the to non-metal ions?

A

They gain electrons and become anions

41
Q

What are ionic compounds?

A

Giant ionic Lattice structures

42
Q

What do ionic compounds form?

A

Crystalline solids

43
Q

Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

A

Because strong ionic bonds are broken to melt or boil the substance

44
Q

When do ionic compounds conduct?

A

They only conduct when molten or dissolved

45
Q

Why can’t ionic compounds conduct as solids?

A

The ions can’t move

46
Q

Are ionic compounds soluble or insoluble?

A

Some are soluble, some are insoluble

47
Q

What do ions which are free to move carry?

A

An electric current

48
Q

What is covalent bonding?

A

When a non metal shares electrons with another non metal

49
Q

When do Giant covalent bonds form?

A

Between atoms in a giant lattice

50
Q

Why do giant covalent bonds have high melting and boiling points?

A

Because lots of strong covalent bonds are broken to melt/boil the substance

51
Q

Do giant covalent bonds conduct?

A

They never conduct EXCEPT graphite

52
Q

Are giant covalent bonds soluble or insoluble?

A

Insoluble

53
Q

When do simple covalent bonds form?

A

They form between atoms to form molecules

54
Q

What can simple covalent bonds form?

A

Solids, liquids or gases

55
Q

Why do simple covalent bonds have low melting and boiling points?

A

Because of weak intermolecular forces being broken

56
Q

Do simple covalent bonds conduct?

A

Never

57
Q

Are simple covalent bonds soluble or insoluble?

A

Some are soluble, some are insoluble

58
Q

What are polymers?

A

Molecules made up of long chains of covalently bonded carbon atoms

59
Q

When are polymers formed?

A

When lots of small molecules called monomers join together

60
Q

What does metallic bonding have which makes them conduct?

A

Delocalised electrons

61
Q

What is between the positive metal ions and the shared negative electrons in metallic bonding?

A

Strong forces of electrostatic attraction

62
Q

What state are metallic bonds at room temperature?

A

All solid except mercury

63
Q

Why do metallic bonds have high melting and boiling points?

A

They have a strong attraction which needs to be broken

64
Q

When do metallic bonds conduct?

A

When solid or liquid

65
Q

Are metallic bonds soluble or insoluble?

A

Insoluble

66
Q

What is the relationship between polymer chain length and melting point?

A

The longer the chain, the higher the melting point

67
Q

What are fullerenes?

A

Molecules of carbon shaped like closed tubes or hollow balls

68
Q

Why do fullerenes have a huge surface area?

A

Could help make great industrial catalysts

Chemistry (7 decks)

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