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Chemistry > Chemical Changes > Flashcards

Chemical Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

What do acids form in water?

A

H+ ions

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2
Q

What is a base?

A

A substance that reacts with an acid to produce a salt and water

Oxides and hydroxides

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3
Q

What do alkalis form in water?

A

OH- ions

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4
Q

What happens to the pH when the concentration of hydrogen ions increases?

A

The pH decreases

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5
Q

What happens to the pH when the concentration of OH- ions increases

A

The pH increases

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6
Q

What colour is litmus in:

Acid?

Neutral?

Alkali?

A

Acid: red

Neutral: purple

Alkali: blue

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7
Q

What colour is methyl orange in:

Acid?

Neutral and alkali?

A

Acid: red

Neutral and alkali: yellow

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8
Q

What colour is phenolphthalein in:

Acid and neutral?

Alkali?

A

Acid and neutral: colourless

Alkali: pink

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9
Q

What is the concentration of an acid?

A

How watered down it is

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10
Q

What happens to the pH if the concentration of H+ ions increases by a factor of 10?

A

It decreases by 1

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11
Q

What is the gas test for chlorine?

A

Damp blue litmus paper turns red then bleaches white

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12
Q

What is the what is the gas test for oxygen?

A

Glowing splint relights

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13
Q

What is the gas text for carbon dioxide?

A

Limewater goes cloudy

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14
Q

What is the gas test for hydrogen?

A

Lit splint in hydrogen makes squeaky pop

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15
Q

How do you make a soluble salt?

A

Acid + insoluble base

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16
Q

How do you make an insoluble salt?

A

Soluble salt + soluble salt

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17
Q

What are the 5 steps of titration?

A
  1. Measure out acid into conical flask and add indicator
  2. Slowly add alkali using burette until the indicator changes colour
  3. Redo the reaction without the indicator
  4. The solution now only contains salt and water
  5. Evaporate the water
18
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

The breaking down of a substance using electricity

19
Q

What is a positive ion called?

A

Cation

20
Q

What is a negative ion called?

A

Anion

21
Q

What is a positive electrode called?

A

Anode

22
Q

What is a negative electrode called?

A

Cathode

23
Q

What is electrolyte?

A

The liquid which carries the charges

24
Q

What current is used for electrolysis?

A

Direct current

25
Q

What does OILRIG stand for?

A 
Oxidation
Is 
Loss (of electrons)
Reduction 
Is
Gain (of electrons)
26
Q

What happens to anions at the anode?

A

They are oxidised

27
Q

Where are non metals discharged in electrolysis?

A

At the anode

28
Q

What happens to cations at the cathode?

A

They are reduced

29
Q

Where are metals discharged in electrolysis?

A

The cathode

30
Q

Why is electrolysis easier with a molten electrolyte?

A

Because there are no H+ or OH- ions

31
Q

Why is electrolysis harder with aqueous solutions?

A

Because it contains H2O/H+ and OH- ions

32
Q

Are ‘all common sodium, potassium and ammonium salts’ soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

33
Q

Is silver chloride soluble or insoluble?

A

Insoluble

34
Q

Are all nitrates soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

35
Q

Are

Lead sulphate
Barium sulphate
Calcium sulphate

Soluble or insoluble?

A

Insoluble

36
Q

Are most chlorides soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

37
Q

Are most carbonates soluble or insoluble?

A

Insoluble

38
Q

Are

Sodium carbonate
Potassium carbonate
Ammonium carbonate

Soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

39
Q

Are most hydroxides soluble or insoluble?

A

Insoluble

40
Q

Are

Sodium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide
Ammonium hydroxide

Soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

Chemistry (7 decks)

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