States of Matter Flashcards
Describe a solid in relation to its particles
The particles are arranged closely packed to each other and in a regular manner.
The particles cannot move and can only vibrate in a fixed position
The particles have very strong forces of attraction between each other.
They have a fixed shape and volume.
Describe a Liquid in relation to its particles
The particles are arranged randomly in an irregular manner and have small gaps in between them.
The particles are able to move around and slide past each other.
The forces of attraction are not as effective as the forces in a solid.
There is no fixed shape, it takes the shape of the container. But there is a fixed volume.
Describe a Gas in relation to its particles
The particles are arranged randomly and irregularly with a large amount of space in between each other.
The particles also randomly move in all directions at high speeds and collide with each other.
There are almost no forces of attraction between the particles
They also do not have a fixed shape or volume.
How do solids turn into liquids
The particles in a solid are provided with energy. This makes the particles vibrate faster and eventually they overcome the forces of attraction and they break away so that they can now move around each other. This forms a liquid. This is called “melting” and the temperature at which this occurs is called, “melting point”.
How do liquids turn into solids
The kinetic energy of the liquid particles moving around decreases. This means that the particles get slower in their movement. Eventually, the particles get so slow that they are getting fixed into position and forms a regular shape containing atoms in a fixed position. This is called, “freezing”. The temperature at which this occurs is called the, “freezing point”.
Difference between Boiling and evaporation
- Evaporation is slower than Boiling
- Boiling occurs throughout the liquid, whereas evaporation occurs only at the surface.
- Evaporation can happen at any temperature and boiling occurs at a specific temperature.
- Boiling requires more energy than evaporation
How does a gas turn into a liquid
The particles will eventually move slowly, due to the loss in kinetic energy. This increases the forces of attraction between the gas particles and reduces their movement.
What is the process in which a gas turns into a solid
Deposition
What is the process in which a solid turns into a gas
Sublimation
What is diffusion
This is the spreading out of particles from where they are at a high concentration to where they are at a low concentration.
Factors that affect diffusion
- Temperature
- Size and Mass of particles
- Pressure
- Physical State of Matter.
Why does diffusion happen slower in liquids than gases
Because Liquids have particles closer to each other, therefore having less space for the particles to move around.
The particles in a liquid also moves slower than the particles in a gas.
What is a saturated solution
This is a solution with the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a solvent
What is solubility of a solid in a particular temperature
This is the mass of solute that can be dissolved in 100g of solvent at that particular temperature to form a saturated solution.
How does temperature affect the solubility of solids
As the temperature increases, the sold becomes more soluble.
