States of matter Flashcards
What are the 3 laws of ideal gases?
1) There are no intermolecular forces betwen gases
2) The volume occupied by gas molecules is negligable (comparing with the volume of the container they are contained in)
3) Elastic collision (No loss of energy upon collision against the container)
(Ideal gases) what is the relation between volume and pressure?
Inversely proportional.
As volume increases pressure decreases
As volume decreases pressure increases
(Ideal gases) What is the relation between volume and temperature?
Directly proportional.
As volume increases so does temperature
As volume decreases so does temperature
(Ideal gases) What is the relation between the no. of molecules?
Directly proportional.
As volume increases so does the no. of gas molecules
As volume decreases so does the no. of gas molecules
What is the ideal gas equation?
Pv = nRT
What is the ideal gas equation in relation to Molecular mass (Mr)?
Mr = mRT / Pv
What is the ideal gas equation in relation to density?
density = PMr / RT
What is the ideal gas equation in relation to concentration?
concentration = P / RT
In what way do real gases not obey ideal gases assumptions? Explain your reasons. (3)
1) Low temp. :
>At low temp. gases slow down and can therefore form instantanious dipole - induced dipole forces (intermolecular forces)
2) High pressure:
>At high pressures, gases are ‘pushed’ closer together and can form instantanious dipole - induced dipole forces (intermolecular forces)
3) Negligance of particles volume:
> In some cases, if the volume of the container is small, the volume of the particles cannot be neglicted.
State the units and how we get them in ideal gas equations
Pv = nRT
P = kPa –(x1000)–> Pa
v = dm^3 –( /1000 )–> m^3
R = constant (8.31 kJ-1 mol-1)
T = celcius –( +273 )–> Kelvin
What is the relation between charge and bonding strength?
Directly proportional:
As charge increases, so does bond strength.
Describe the how the ions surround one another in a giant ionic lattice
Each ion is surrounded by 6 other ions.
Explain why anions are larger than cations in a giant ionic lattice
By cations giving their electrons to anions, anions cloud spreads out while cations are attracted closer to the nucleus (due to the attraction of positive protons and negative electrons)
Can a giant ionic lattice conduct electricity? Why/ Why not and explain the reasoning.
No.
They can only conduct electricity when in a molten form, this is because in a molten form ions can move and carry an electric charge.
Give 2 examples of a giant ionic lattice
MgO , NaCl , etc.
Why are ionic solids brittle?
When applying a force, it brings the ions with the same charges parallel to each other, causing a repulsion which then breaks the lattice.
Why are the ios in metallic lattices fixed?
Because of the mobile electrons around the ions.
Why arent metals (metallic lattices) brittle?
Mobile e- allow for attraction even after forces are applied
Why can graphite conduct electricity?
For every carbon in graphite, theres one electron free to move inbetween layers
Why cant diamond conduct electricity?
All carbon atoms have all their electrons bonded with other carbon atoms, meaning there are no free valence electrons
Why can graphite slide over one another?
Weak intermolecular forces are formed inbetween layers
What is the simplest structure of a buckminsterfullerene?
C60
