states of matter

Question 1

what is the properties of a solid

Answer 1

Close together
Arranged in a regular pattern
Vibrate in a fixed position

Question 2

what is the properties of a liquid

Answer 2

Close together
Arranged in a random way
Move around each other

Question 3

what is the properties of a gas

Answer 3

Far apart
Arranged in a random way
Moving quickly in all directions

Question 4

Solids have a fixed shape but liquids and gases do not.
why is this

Answer 4

The particles in solids are positioned close to each other and are unable to move. This makes them solid. Liquids and gases have particles that are more spaced out. This allows the particles to move and take the shape of their container.

Question 5

Solids and liquids cannot be compressed but gases can. why is this

Answer 5

The particles in solids and liquids are very close together. In gases, they are much further apart, allowing the space between the particles to be compressed and therefore the gas will take up less space.

Question 6

what method do you use to find out if different liquids have different viscosities

Answer 6

you pour the different liquids through a funnel and time how long it takes for them to pour through.

Question 7

when does diffusion occur?

Answer 7

Diffusion occurs when the particles of a substance move through those of another substance.

Question 8

why does diffusion happen quicker in gases than liquids

Answer 8

Diffusion happens quicker through gases as there are bigger spaces between gas particles that allow other particles to move and fill those spaces. In liquids, the particles are closer together so it takes longer for other particles to move through the liquid.

Question 9

what happens when a substance is heated

Answer 9

the particles move faster and take up more space

Question 10

Power cables are deliberately installed to “sag” in the middle. Why?

Answer 10

During the winter, the cables contract with the cold weather. If they were installed tight, they may break.

Question 11

When objects get hot they….

Answer 11

expand

Question 12

when objects get cold they….

Answer 12

contract

Question 13

Describe how a thermometer works.

Answer 13

The liquid in the thermometer expands and contracts depending on the temperature of the liquid it has been put in. When the temperature increases, the liquid in the thermometer expands giving a higher reading on the scale. It contracts as it cools down and the reading lowers.

Question 14

why are spacesuits and aeroplane cabins pressurised

Answer 14

Spacesuits and aeroplane cabins are pressurised to control the pressure that our bodies feel. If the pressure changes too much our body cannot work properly.

Question 15

Water and oil are immiscible. What does this word mean?

Answer 15

It means that the two liquids are unable to be mixed. When left, they will separate out again.

Question 16

Explain, with reference to density, why the olive oil always floats on the water.

Answer 16

Olive oil has a density lower than water. This means that it will always float. If something has a higher density than water, it will sink.

Question 17

If a substance has a density greater than that of water it will sink. If a substance has a density less than that of water it will float.

Answer 17

(this is not a question just a bit of information :)

Question 18

We know that ice floats on water. What does this tell us about the density of ice?

Answer 18

The density of ice must be less than that of water

Question 19

When water freezes it expands i.e. it takes up more volume. The mass does not change. According to the equation
density = mass/volume,
if the mass remains the same and the volume increases then the density must decrease. This is why ice has a lower density than water and also the reason why ice floats.

Answer 19

(this is not a question just a bit of information :)