States of Matter Flashcards
what is the arrangement of particles in a solid
the particles are regularly arranged in a lattice. They are very close together and vibrate about their fixed positions. This state has the lowest energy.
what is the arrangement of particles in a liquid
the particles are randomly arranged. They are close together and move around each other
what is the arrangement of particles in a gas
the particles are randomly arranged. They are far apart and move fast in all directions
what happens to the particles when a substance changes state
the particles themselves stay the same
the way the particles are arranged changes
the way the particles move changes
how do you get from a solid to liquid
melting
how do you get from a liquid to a gas
boiling
how do you get from a gas to liquid
condensing
how do you get from a solid to gas
sublimation
how do you get from a liquid to solid
freezing
how do solids melt and become liquids
in solids, the particles vibrate about their fixed positions. When a solid is heated, the heat causes the particles to vibrate faster. The forces between the particles are weakened and the particles break free from their fixed positions and begin to move around each other. The solid melts to form a liquid
how do liquids evaporate and become gases
the particles in a liquid move around each other. When a liquid is heated, the heat causes the particles to move faster. The forces between the particles are weakened and the particles move further apart .The more energetic particles move further away from the surface of the liquid and become a gas.
why is melting and boiling an endothermic process
energy is taken in to break the bonds between the particles
why is condensation and freezing an exothermic process
energy is given out when bonds are formed between particles
why does a pure substance have a horizontal line on a heating curve
it has a sharp melting point
why does a mixture have a sloping line on a heating curve
a mixture is not pure
