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Chemistry > Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids > Flashcards

Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the general formula of alcohols

A

CnH2n+1OH

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2
Q

what is the functional group of alcohols

A

hydroxyl group, -OH

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3
Q

what are the first 3 alcohols

A

methanol
ethanol
propanol

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4
Q

what is the molecular formula of methanol

A

CH3OH

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5
Q

what is the molecular formula of ethanol

A

C2H5OH

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6
Q

what is the molecular formula of propanol

A

C3H7OH

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7
Q

what happens to the pH when alcohols methanol, ethanol and propanol dissolve in water

A

pH is 7, neutral

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8
Q

what are alcohols used as

A

fuels and solvents for cosmetics, medical drugs, paints

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9
Q

what is the main alcohol in alcoholic drinks

A

ethanol

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10
Q

harmful effects of alcohol

A

it damages the liver

it can be addictive

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11
Q

what are the 2 ways alcohol can be manufactured

A

fermentation

catalytic addition of steam to ethene

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12
Q

what type of process is fermentation

A

batch process which means it is very slow

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13
Q

what is the temp of plant sugar and yeast in fermentation

A

37 degrees celsius

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14
Q

what happens to glucose in fermentation

A

the enzymes in yeast change glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide

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15
Q

why is air prevented from entering the reaction flask in fermentation

A

it is an anaerobic process

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16
Q

how is ethanol separated from the reaction mixture in fermentation

A

fractional distillation

17
Q

what are the conditions for fermentation

A

yeast
warm temperature - 37C
anaerobic conditions

18
Q

why should you never heat the flask in fermentation process

A

the enzymes in yeast will be denatured

19
Q

how is ethanol made by the catalytic addition of steam to ethene

A

when ethene is heated with steam at a high temperature and pressure in the presence of an acid catalyst, ethanol is produced

20
Q

conditions for catalytic addition of steam to ethene

A

high temperature of 300 C
high pressure, 60 atm
acid catalyst

21
Q

what type of process is making ethanol by the catalytic addition of steam to ethene

A

continuous process

22
Q

what are the advantages of making ethanol by fermentation

A

process uses renewable resources
process is low energy use and so it saves fuel
process is carbon neutral

23
Q

what are the disadvantages of making ethanol by fermentation

A

slow reaction so yield is low
ethanol not pure so needs to be separated
large areas of land needed to grow sugar cane plants

24
Q

what are the advantages of making ethanol by the catalytic addition of steam to ethene

A

process is continuous and gives higher yield
ethanol produced is pure
few steps in the process

25
Q

what are the disadvantages of making ethanol by the catalytic addition of steam to ethene

A

ethene is a non-renewable resource
process is expensive at it needs high temp and pressure
not carbon neutral

26
Q

what do alcohols produce on complete combustion

A

carbon dioxide and water

27
Q

what happens when alcohols react with sodium

A

hydrogen gas formed
fizzing observed
sodium disappears

28
Q

what happens when ethanol reacts with a carboxylic acid in the presence of a catalyst

A

an ester is produced

29
Q

what is the general formula of carboxylic acids

A

CnH2n+1COOH

30
Q

what is the functional group in carboxylic acids

A

carboxyl group, -COOH

31
Q

what are the first 3 carboxylic acids

A

methanoic acid
ethanoic acid
propanoic acid

32
Q

molecular formula of methanoic acid

A

HCOOH

33
Q

molecular formula of ethanoic acid

A

CH3COOH

34
Q

molecular formula of propanoic acid

A

C2H5COOH

35
Q

what happens when carboxylic acids dissolve in water

A

it produces acidic solutions with a pH of below 7

36
Q

what happens when you add sodium carbonate to ethanoic acid

A

fizzing as CO2 is produced

sodium carbonate disappears as it reacts with acid

Chemistry (21 decks)

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