Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids Flashcards
what is the general formula of alcohols
CnH2n+1OH
what is the functional group of alcohols
hydroxyl group, -OH
what are the first 3 alcohols
methanol
ethanol
propanol
what is the molecular formula of methanol
CH3OH
what is the molecular formula of ethanol
C2H5OH
what is the molecular formula of propanol
C3H7OH
what happens to the pH when alcohols methanol, ethanol and propanol dissolve in water
pH is 7, neutral
what are alcohols used as
fuels and solvents for cosmetics, medical drugs, paints
what is the main alcohol in alcoholic drinks
ethanol
harmful effects of alcohol
it damages the liver
it can be addictive
what are the 2 ways alcohol can be manufactured
fermentation
catalytic addition of steam to ethene
what type of process is fermentation
batch process which means it is very slow
what is the temp of plant sugar and yeast in fermentation
37 degrees celsius
what happens to glucose in fermentation
the enzymes in yeast change glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide
why is air prevented from entering the reaction flask in fermentation
it is an anaerobic process
how is ethanol separated from the reaction mixture in fermentation
fractional distillation
what are the conditions for fermentation
yeast
warm temperature - 37C
anaerobic conditions
why should you never heat the flask in fermentation process
the enzymes in yeast will be denatured
how is ethanol made by the catalytic addition of steam to ethene
when ethene is heated with steam at a high temperature and pressure in the presence of an acid catalyst, ethanol is produced
conditions for catalytic addition of steam to ethene
high temperature of 300 C
high pressure, 60 atm
acid catalyst
what type of process is making ethanol by the catalytic addition of steam to ethene
continuous process
what are the advantages of making ethanol by fermentation
process uses renewable resources
process is low energy use and so it saves fuel
process is carbon neutral
what are the disadvantages of making ethanol by fermentation
slow reaction so yield is low
ethanol not pure so needs to be separated
large areas of land needed to grow sugar cane plants
what are the advantages of making ethanol by the catalytic addition of steam to ethene
process is continuous and gives higher yield
ethanol produced is pure
few steps in the process
what are the disadvantages of making ethanol by the catalytic addition of steam to ethene
ethene is a non-renewable resource
process is expensive at it needs high temp and pressure
not carbon neutral
what do alcohols produce on complete combustion
carbon dioxide and water
what happens when alcohols react with sodium
hydrogen gas formed
fizzing observed
sodium disappears
what happens when ethanol reacts with a carboxylic acid in the presence of a catalyst
an ester is produced
what is the general formula of carboxylic acids
CnH2n+1COOH
what is the functional group in carboxylic acids
carboxyl group, -COOH
what are the first 3 carboxylic acids
methanoic acid
ethanoic acid
propanoic acid
molecular formula of methanoic acid
HCOOH
molecular formula of ethanoic acid
CH3COOH
molecular formula of propanoic acid
C2H5COOH
what happens when carboxylic acids dissolve in water
it produces acidic solutions with a pH of below 7
what happens when you add sodium carbonate to ethanoic acid
fizzing as CO2 is produced
sodium carbonate disappears as it reacts with acid
