States of Consciousness: Lecture 14 Flashcards
Describe the diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders
impaired control, physical dependence, social problems and risky use
What are withdrawal symptoms often the opposite of?
the effects of the drug
What is the general path people take to become addicted to alcohol?
people get a psychological reliance on alcohol to affect mood, alcohol abuse often starts as a psychological addiction which then leads to a physical addiction
What are the 5 categories of drugs?
Anti-Psychotics
Depressants
Opioids
Stimulants
Hallucinogens
What are antipsychotics used for?
given to help deal with hallucinations
What are Anti psychotics?
Haldol
What are depressants used for?
Reduce neural activity in your brain
What are examples of depressants?
alcohol and marijuana
What are opioids used for?
work on reward centres in our brain
What are examples of opiods?
Heroin, Methadone, codeine
What are stimulants used for?
increase neural activity
What are examples of stimulants?
Cocaine, amphetamines
What are hallucinogens used for?
Altered reality
What are exmaples of hallucinogens?
Mushrooms, LSD, PCP
What affect do depressants have?
a sedative calming effect
What do depressants suppress?
The central nervous system
How do the effects of alcohol escalate?
alcohol starts off as resulting in reduced stress, as time goes on it becomes difficult to speak, depresses the frontal cortex. Only able to use simple solutions to complex problems
In high doses what can a depressant do?
induce sleep, stop breathing
What is the best known example of a depressant?
Alcohol
What do many deppresants work as agonists for?
GABA (inhibitory transmitter), calms down activity in the brain
What system does cocaine work on?
Dopamine system
What neurotransmitter does caffeine work on?
adenosine
What neurotransmitter does nicotine work on?
acetylcholine
What neurotransmitter do amphetamines work on?
norepinepherine
What are the effects of stimulants
work on your reward systems and arousal causing euphoric high
What is methamphetamine synthesized from?
synthesized from over the counter pseudoephedrine
What do stimulants deplete?
dopamine, norepinepherine, seratonin