Sensation and Perception: Lecture 10

Question 1

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

Answer 1

the entire range of wavelengths or frequencies of electromagnetic radiation

Question 2

What is the difference between trichromatic and opponent process theory?

Question 3

What causes sensation?

Answer 3

trying to get a stimulus into an electro-chemical signal

Question 4

What terminology do we use to describe a wave?

Answer 4

Peak, wavelength, trough, amplitude,

Question 5

What do wavelength and amplitude have a different function in terms of?

Answer 5

sound and sight

Question 6

How do we measure waves?

Answer 6

in Hertz

Question 7

What do hertz measure?

Answer 7

Number of cycles per second

Question 8

The higher the waves per second…

Answer 8

The higher the hertz

Question 9

The higher the number of hertz…

Answer 9

the faster the wave cycles complete

Question 10

Can we see ultraviolet light?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

Can we feel the effects of ultraviolet light?

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

What is the electromagnetic spectrum frequency associated with?

Answer 12

colour

Question 13

In light, what is frequency associated with?

Answer 13

colour

Question 14

In light, what is amplitude associated with?

Answer 14

brightness

Question 15

What colour is lower frequency light?

Answer 15

red

Question 16

How does colour change as frequency increases?

Answer 16

goes the the rainbow starting from red.

Question 17

What do we get when we get lower than red light or higher than blue light?

Answer 17

the electromagnetic spectrum

Question 18

When thinking about waves as sound, what do higher frequencies equal?

Answer 18

higher pitch

Question 19

What is amplitude associated with in terms of sound?

Answer 19

loudness

Question 20

How is sound amplitude measured?

Answer 20

decibals

Question 21

At what spectrum does hearing degrade?

Answer 21

high frequency spectrum

Question 22

Is sound linear?

Answer 22

no

Question 23

What is the purpose of the pupil?

Answer 23

A whole that allows light to enter your eye

Question 24

What is the function of the iris?

Answer 24

Helps control how big or small the pupil is

Question 25

What happens to your pupils when you're scared?

Answer 25

your pupils open up because your body wants to see as much as possible

Question 26

What is the function of the lens?

Answer 26

Light comes in and travels to the back of your eye. Our lens tightens or loosens so it lands neatly on the back of your eye.

Question 27

In what way does light travel into your eye?

Answer 27

Goes through the arteries and cells and goes through the cones, stimulates the back and then goes back from where it came from

Question 28

What type of cells are in the retina?

Answer 28

rod cells

Question 29

What type of cells are in the fovea?

Answer 29

Cones (let you see colour)

Question 30

What does the lens do?

Answer 30

Helps focus light on the fovea

Question 31

What kind of light to we want to fall on our rods? Why?

Answer 31

Low light because it helps us see in the dark (cone cells aren't effective for this)

Question 32

Why can't we see anything that lands on our optic nerve?

Answer 32

they do not have rods or cones so you cannot see anything that lands there. Your brain will fill in that lack of information with your surrounding area

Question 33

Where does information form the left eye go to? what is this called?

Answer 33

To the right brain. Our brain os organized contrelaterally

Question 34

What does the optic chasm do?

Answer 34

allow the light to transfer through and sends it to our occipital lobe or our amygdala

Question 35

What is the role of the amygdala in receiving visual information?What is an example?

Answer 35

Makes a quick decision (something is being thrown at you shout, you haven't seen what it is yet)

Question 36

What are the 4 parts involved with processing and receiving visual information?

Answer 36

eye, optic nerve, optic chasm, occipital lobe

Question 37

What part of the brain recieves visual information?

Answer 37

the occipital lobe

Question 38

What does the occipital lobe do with visual information?

Answer 38

Takes visual information, decodes it into its constituent parts, packages it and sends it to the different parts of the brain that tell you what you're looking at and where it is in relation to you.

Question 39

What are the 2 "what and where pathways"?

Answer 39

Parietal lobe and temporal lobe

Question 40

Why does the occipital lobe send signals to the parietal lobe? What is this called?

Answer 40

Called the Dorsal Stream. This stream tells us where the thing you are looking at is

Question 41

Why does the occipital lobe send signal to the temporal lobe? What is this called?

Answer 41

Called the ventral stream. This stream tells us what we are looking at

Question 42

What do binocular and monocular cues do?

Answer 42

help uncover where an object is

Question 43

How many eyes do binocular cues require?

Answer 43

2

Question 44

How many eyes to monocular eyes require?

Answer 44

1

Question 45

What is binocular disparity?

Answer 45

we have a slightly different view of the world seen through each eye

Question 46

What is a way that we decifer where something is?

Answer 46

our brain picks up where on the retina light falls. It uses where the information is landing on the eye to figure out where objects are in relation to each other.

Question 47

What are the 4 things monocular cues are responsible for?

Answer 47

Linear perspective, Relative size, interposition, Texture gradient

Question 48

What is linear perspective?

Answer 48

we percieve depth in 2 dimensions when 2 parallel lines seem to converge (i.e railraod tracks)

Question 49

What is relative size?

Answer 49

the smaller things are, the more we percieve it to be further in the distance relative to other objects

Question 50

What is interposition?

Answer 50

The shading or overlap shows us which squares are in front of each other

Question 51

What is the trichromatic theory of colour perception?

Answer 51

You can build up any set of colours to make other colours

Question 52

What type of wavelength do red cones have?

Answer 52

Long-wavelengths

Question 53

What type of wavelength do green cones have?

Answer 53

medium

Question 54

What type of wavelength do blue cones have?

Answer 54

short-wavelengths

Question 55

How do we see colour?

Answer 55

Cone cells

Question 56

What makes us see an after image?

Answer 56

when the rods and cones, which are part of the retina, are overstimulated and become desensitized

Question 57

What is colour bllindness?

Answer 57

When one of your cones doesn't work (i.e malfunctioning green cone = unable to see green)

Question 58

What combination of cones makes up the colour white?

Answer 58

Red, Green and Blue

Question 59

What cone does staring at the colour green tire?

Answer 59

the green cone

Question 60

What is the opponent process theory

Answer 60

there's a theory that colour works in opponent pairs

Question 61

what is the idea behind opponent process theory?

Answer 61

White is made up of all the colours. If you stare at something green for a long time the green cones will get tired but the RED and BLUE cones will still be fresh. When shown white after this, red cells fire more.