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Psych 101 Midterm 2 > States of Consciousness: Lecture 13 > Flashcards

States of Consciousness: Lecture 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

What percentage of students have poor sleep quality?

A

60%

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2
Q

What percentage of the population meet the diagnostic criteria for a sleep disorder at some point in their lifetime?

A

30-50%

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3
Q

What are the sleep disorders?

A
  • insomnia
  • Narcolepsy
  • Sleep Apnea
  • Sleepwalking
  • REM behaviour sleep disorder
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4
Q

is chronic sleep debt considered a sleep disorder?

A

No. Chronic sleep debt does not meet the diagnostic criteria for a sleep disorder.

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5
Q

Where does the word insomnia come from?

A

In + Somnus = sleepless

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6
Q

What is insomnia?

A

Difficulty falling/staying asleep

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7
Q

What is the criteria needed to diagnose insomnia?

A

3 nights a week of having difficulty falling/staying asleep for one month

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8
Q

What is the criteria needed to diagnose chronic insomnia?

A

1 year of this

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9
Q

What percentage of people report symptoms of insomnia?

A

30-50

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10
Q

What percentage of people meet the diagnostic criteria for insomnia?

A

6%

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11
Q

What factors contribute to insomnia?

A

-age
-drug use
- exercise
-Mental state (depression often comes with sleep disorders)
- Poor sleep hygiene

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12
Q

What are the treatments for insomnia?

A

Sleeping Pills and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

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13
Q

Whats the problem with sleeping pills?

A

They tend to be addictive. Your brain says take a pill when it has any indication that you won’t be able to fall asleep, then you need them to fall asleep. They help you get to sleep but they rob you of stage 3 sleep

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14
Q

What is cognitive behavioural therapy?

A

Looks at changing the way we think about things and the way that we behave

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15
Q

What’s an example of cognitive behavioural therapy in relation to insomnia?

A

only be in your bed when you are sleepy (Behavioural change).

Tell yourself the opposite of what you want. Tell yourself you want to stay awake as long as possible to take away your anxiety then you will fall asleep more easily.

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16
Q

What is narcolepsy?

A

The inability to stay awake

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of narcolepsy?

A

Sleep attacks (last btwn 30 seconds- 30 mins)

Cataplexy

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18
Q

What is cataplexy?

A

loss of muscle tone

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19
Q

How are sleep attacks related to cataplexy?

A

we experience some degree of this at night during REM sleep (we don’t move when our brain is active at night). The pons and the medulla stop the motor signals from going through your body)

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20
Q

What triggers narcolepsy?

A

arousal and stress

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21
Q

Are the causes of narcalepsy and insomnia the same?

A

yes

22
Q

How do we treat narcalepsy?

A

Stimulants :amphetamines

Drugs that focus on hypocretin

23
Q

Where is hypocretin produced?

A

Hypothalamus

24
Q

How do stimulants work for narcolepsy

A

Stimulants that work on your dopamine system are most often given people with hyperactivity disorder like ADHD. People on these meds often have trouble falling asleep. For some people stimulants like coffee can help people but they are not always helpful

25
Q

How does hypocretin help treat narcolepsy?

A

Hypocretin is involved in mood regulation, sleep regulation and hunger.

26
Q

What is sleep apnea?

A

when a person stops breathing during sleep (10-20 seconds), awake with loud grunts, most common in middle age overweight men.

27
Q

What is obstructive sleep apnea?

A

Overweight people tend to have a lazy epiglottis which would fall over the airway and obstruct the airway to the lungs.

28
Q

What is central sleep apnea?

A

Neuronal disconnect between the part of the brain that regulates automatic sleep processes. Signals are not going from the brain to the lungs

29
Q

What are the 2 types of sleep apnea?

A

obstructive and central

30
Q

What are the dire consequences of sleep apnea?

A

Lower blood oxygen levels
Microsleeps

31
Q

What are treatments for sleep apnea?

A

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure device (CPAP)

32
Q

How do CPAP machines help Sleep apnea?

A

Machines are uncomfortable but you get better sleep because you are getting more air meaning you have fewer symptoms when you use a machine

33
Q

What are parasomnias?

A

Group of disorders- disruptive motor activity

34
Q

What are examples of parasomnias?

A
  • Sleep walking
  • REM sleep behaviour disorder
  • Night terrors
  • Restless leg syndrome
35
Q

Whats another word for sleep walking?

A

Somambulism

36
Q

What are the signs of sleep walking?

A
  • engage in complex behaviour
  • often have open eyes but are unresponsive
37
Q

When does sleep walking occur?

A

during slow wave sleep though it can occur in other stages ; usually no memory

38
Q

are people dreaming when they sleep walk?

A

Not typically

39
Q

What is the treatment for sleep walking?

A

There’s no real treatment
- BUT if someone can regulate their breathing during the night they are less likely to sleep walk

40
Q

What is REM sleep behaviour disorder?

A

When someone acts out their dream; punching; kicking; screaming.

41
Q

Who is most effective by REM sleep behaviour disorder?

A

mostly old men

42
Q

What is the danger of REM sleep behaviour disorder?

A
43
Q

How can you treat REM sleep behaviour disorderr?

A

There is no real treatment but…
- can be treated with Benzodiazapines which Increase inhibitory affect of GABA
- Can alter the sleep environment

44
Q

How might treating OSA help with REM sleep disorder?

A

If you can try to treat possible comorbitities like obstructive sleep apnea first, you may be able to resolve sleep behaviour disorder. If this is ruled out, then you try to treat sleep behaviour disorders.

45
Q

What is REM sleep disorder associated with?

A

neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. parkinson’s)

46
Q

What is restless leg syndrome?

A

uncomfortable sensation in the legs relieved when moved

47
Q

What is a night terror?

A

a sense of panic/ screams

48
Q

What do night terrors look like?

A

person appears to be awake, but they are not and are resistant to being woken up
- more disturbing for the person witnessing the terror
sleeper has no recollection -
- NREM sleep

49
Q

In what stage of sleep are people with night terrors usually in?

A

stage 3

50
Q

What is the neural cause of obstructive sleep apnea?

A

Low GABA and High Glutamate in the Insular Cortex.Feb 4, 2016

Psych 101 Midterm 2 (6 decks)

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